Gaius or Caius
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Gaius, also known as Caius, is a name mentioned several times in the New Testament, referring to different individuals who were early Christians and associates of the Apostle Paul and the Apostle John. The name Gaius was a common Roman name during the first century, which can make it challenging to distinguish between the individuals mentioned in the Scriptures. Below are the notable references to Gaius in the New Testament:

1. Gaius of Macedonia: This Gaius is mentioned in Acts 19:29. He was a traveling companion of Paul during his missionary journeys. In Ephesus, during a riot incited by the silversmiths who felt threatened by the spread of Christianity, Gaius, along with Aristarchus, was seized by the mob. The text states, "Soon the whole city was in an uproar. They seized Gaius and Aristarchus, Paul's traveling companions from Macedonia, and rushed as one man into the theater" (Acts 19:29). This incident highlights the dangers faced by early Christians and their commitment to spreading the Gospel despite persecution.

2. Gaius of Derbe: Another Gaius is mentioned in Acts 20:4 as one of Paul's companions on his journey from Greece to Asia. The passage reads, "He was accompanied by Sopater son of Pyrrhus from Berea, Aristarchus and Secundus from Thessalonica, Gaius from Derbe, Timothy, and Tychicus and Trophimus from the province of Asia" (Acts 20:4). This Gaius is noted for his role in supporting Paul's ministry and his dedication to the mission of the early Church.

3. Gaius, Host to Paul: In Romans 16:23, Paul sends greetings from Gaius, who is described as his host and the host of the whole church. The verse states, "Gaius, who has hosted me and the whole church, sends you greetings. Erastus, the city treasurer, and our brother Quartus send you greetings" (Romans 16:23). This Gaius is likely a resident of Corinth, where Paul wrote the letter to the Romans. His hospitality and support for the church demonstrate the importance of fellowship and community in the early Christian movement.

4. Gaius, Recipient of 3 John: The Apostle John addresses his third epistle to a beloved Gaius, commending him for his faithfulness and hospitality. The letter begins, "The elder, To the beloved Gaius, whom I love in the truth" (3 John 1:1). John praises Gaius for walking in the truth and for his generous support of traveling missionaries, stating, "Beloved, you are faithful in what you are doing for the brothers, and especially since they are strangers to you" (3 John 1:5). This Gaius is celebrated for his commitment to the truth of the Gospel and his active role in supporting the work of the Church.

The various mentions of Gaius in the New Testament reflect the diverse roles played by early Christians in the spread of the Gospel. Whether as a traveling companion, a host, or a supporter of missionaries, Gaius exemplifies the dedication and hospitality that were vital to the growth and sustenance of the early Christian communities.
ATS Bible Dictionary
Gaius or Caius

1. A Macedonian, who accompanied Paul in his travels, and whose life was in danger at Ephesus, Acts 19:29.

2. A Corinthian convert of Paul, who hospitable entertained the apostle while laboring at Corinth, Romans 16:23 1 1 Corinthians 1:14.

3. Of Derbe; an attendant of Paul from Corinth, in his last journey to Jerusalem, Acts 20:4.

The third epistle of John is addressed "to the well-beloved Gaius;" whose character for hospitality comports well with that of 2. above. The name was a common one wherever the Romans 54ed; and yet it is not certain that more than one or two different individuals of this name are spoken of in Scripture.

Greek
1050. Gaios -- Gaius, the name of several Christian
... Gaius. Of Latin origin; Gaius (ie Caius), a Christian -- Gaius. (gaion) -- 2
Occurrences. (gaios) -- 2 Occurrences. (gaio) -- 1 Occurrence. 1049, 1050. ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/1050.htm - 6k
Library

Introductory Note to Gregory Thaumaturgus.
... This man, one can hardly doubt, was a disciple of Caius (or Gaius); and there is
little question that the digested system which Gregory eulogizes was "the ...
/.../a declaration of faith/introductory note to gregory thaumaturgus.htm

The Epistles of St. John
... "Unto Gaius the beloved." The name was a common one, being a form of the Latin
"Caius." There is no reason for identifying this Gaius with one of the persons ...
/.../pullan/the books of the new testament/chapter xxiii the epistles of.htm

The Peter of History and the Peter of Fiction.
... Caius (or Gaius), a Roman presbyter at the close of the second century, pointed
to their monuments or trophies [310] on the Vatican, and in the via Ostia. ...
/.../schaff/history of the christian church volume i/section 26 the peter of.htm

Come Now, if Some Philosopher Affirms, as Laberius Holds...
... But if a Christian promises the return of a man from a man, and the very actual
Gaius from Gaius, [148] the cry of the people will ... [148] [ie, Caius, used (like ...
//christianbookshelf.org/tertullian/apology/chapter xlviii come now if.htm

Philo
... They say that under Caius [2394] Caligula he ventured to Rome, whither he had been
sent as legate of his nation, and that ... Val.; Gaius all the mss.; omit Her. ...
/.../various/jerome and gennadius lives of illustrious men /chapter xi philo.htm

John
... two of which the first is "The elder to the elect lady and her children" and the
other "The elder unto Gaius [2382] the ... [2382] GaiusA H 25 30 31 ae; Caius Her. ...
/.../various/jerome and gennadius lives of illustrious men /chapter ix john.htm

The Church History of Eusebius. Index of Subjects.
... Caius, bishop of Rome, [542]317. CallirhoE, a town east of the Dead Sea,
[543]95. ... Gaius I., Gentile bishop of Jerusalem, [1130]226. ...
/.../pamphilius/the life of constantine/the church history of eusebius.htm

The Events which Happened to Dionysius.
... 9. And the witnesses of all these occurrences followed: Gaius, Faustus, Peter, and
Paul. ... From that chapter, 23, we learn that Caius and Peter were alone with ...
/.../pamphilius/church history/chapter xl the events which happened.htm

Pagan Shrines and Temples.
... Caius Sextius Calvinus, son of Caius, praetor, has restored this altar by decree ...
We can picture to ourselves the two consuls, Gaius Furnius and Junius Silanus ...
/.../lanciani/pagan and christian rome/chapter ii pagan shrines and.htm

Christian Churches.
... 1776 was found a bronze tablet, which had been offered to Gaius Marius Pudens ... were
still conspicuous among the ruins of Rome: the pyramid of Caius Cestius near ...
/.../lanciani/pagan and christian rome/chapter iii christian churches.htm

Resources
Who was Philo of Alexandria? | GotQuestions.org

Who was Demetrius in the Bible? | GotQuestions.org

Was Longinus the name of the Roman soldier who pierced Jesus with the spear? | GotQuestions.org

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