The full moon holds significant meaning in the biblical context, often associated with the Jewish calendar and religious observances. In the Hebrew calendar, which is lunar-based, the full moon marks the middle of the month. This timing is crucial for understanding the scheduling of various feasts and events in the biblical narrative.

Biblical References:

1. Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread: The full moon is notably linked to the Passover, which begins on the 14th day of the first month, Nisan (Exodus 12:6). This timing means that the Passover meal is celebrated as the moon is full, symbolizing completeness and divine providence. The Feast of Unleavened Bread follows immediately after Passover, lasting seven days (Leviticus 23:5-6).

2. Feast of Tabernacles: Similarly, the Feast of Tabernacles, or Sukkot, begins on the 15th day of the seventh month, Tishri, also coinciding with a full moon (Leviticus 23:34). This feast is a time of rejoicing and remembrance of God's provision during the Israelites' wilderness journey.

3. Psalm 81:3: The full moon is mentioned in the context of worship and celebration. "Sound the ram’s horn at the New Moon, and at the full moon on the day of our Feast" (Psalm 81:3). This verse highlights the use of the full moon as a marker for sacred times and communal gatherings.

Symbolism and Significance:

In biblical symbolism, the full moon can represent fullness, completion, and the cyclical nature of God's creation. The regularity of the lunar cycle serves as a reminder of God's order and faithfulness. The full moon's light, reflecting the sun, can also be seen as a metaphor for believers reflecting the light of Christ in a dark world.

Prophetic and Eschatological Context:

The full moon is sometimes associated with prophetic and eschatological events. In Joel 2:31, the prophet speaks of the moon turning to blood before the great and dreadful day of the Lord. This imagery is echoed in the New Testament in Revelation 6:12, where the moon becomes like blood during the opening of the sixth seal. These passages are often interpreted as signs of divine judgment and the coming of the end times.

Cultural and Historical Context:

In ancient Israel, the full moon was not only a time for religious observance but also for practical activities. The increased light during the night allowed for extended work and travel, facilitating communal gatherings and celebrations. The full moon's role in the calendar underscores the integration of natural phenomena with spiritual life in the biblical worldview.

Overall, the full moon in the Bible is a multifaceted symbol, deeply embedded in the rhythm of religious life and the unfolding of God's redemptive plan. Its presence in the biblical text invites reflection on the themes of light, time, and divine sovereignty.