The event of anointing holds significant theological and symbolic importance throughout the biblical narrative. Anointing, in its essence, involves the application of oil upon a person or object, signifying consecration, sanctification, or divine appointment. This practice is deeply rooted in the cultural and religious traditions of the ancient Near East and is richly represented in the Scriptures.

Old Testament Context

In the Old Testament, anointing is primarily associated with the consecration of priests, kings, and sacred objects. The first explicit mention of anointing is found in Genesis 28:18, where Jacob anoints a pillar with oil, marking the place as sacred after his vision of the ladder reaching to heaven. This act of anointing a stone signifies setting it apart for God's purposes.

The anointing of priests is detailed in Exodus 28-30, where God commands Moses to anoint Aaron and his sons, consecrating them for the priesthood. Exodus 30:30 states, "Anoint Aaron and his sons and consecrate them to serve Me as priests." This anointing with oil symbolizes the Holy Spirit's empowerment and the setting apart of individuals for divine service.

Anointing also plays a crucial role in the establishment of kingship in Israel. The prophet Samuel anoints Saul as the first king of Israel (1 Samuel 10:1) and later anoints David, signifying God's choice and empowerment for leadership (1 Samuel 16:13). The anointing of kings underscores the belief that rulers are appointed by God and are to govern under His authority.

New Testament Context

In the New Testament, the concept of anointing is expanded and fulfilled in the person of Jesus Christ, the Anointed One. The term "Christ" itself is derived from the Greek word "Christos," meaning "Anointed One." Jesus' anointing is both literal and spiritual, as He is anointed by the Holy Spirit at His baptism (Matthew 3:16-17) and recognized as the Messiah, the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies.

The anointing of Jesus is further emphasized in Luke 4:18-19 , where He reads from the scroll of Isaiah: "The Spirit of the Lord is on Me, because He has anointed Me to preach good news to the poor. He has sent Me to proclaim liberty to the captives and recovery of sight to the blind, to release the oppressed, to proclaim the year of the Lord’s favor." This passage highlights Jesus' mission and divine empowerment through the Holy Spirit.

Believers in the New Testament are also described as anointed. In 2 Corinthians 1:21-22 , Paul writes, "Now it is God who establishes both us and you in Christ. He anointed us, placed His seal on us, and put His Spirit in our hearts as a pledge of what is to come." This anointing signifies the believer's consecration and the indwelling presence of the Holy Spirit, marking them as belonging to God.

Symbolism and Significance

The event of anointing carries profound symbolic meaning. It represents the Holy Spirit's presence and power, divine selection, and the setting apart for God's purposes. Anointing oil, often a blend of olive oil and spices, symbolizes healing, joy, and the richness of God's blessings. Psalm 23:5 beautifully captures this imagery: "You anoint my head with oil; my cup overflows."

Anointing also serves as a reminder of the believer's identity and mission in Christ. As followers of the Anointed One, Christians are called to live consecrated lives, empowered by the Holy Spirit to fulfill God's purposes in the world. The event of anointing, therefore, is not merely a ritual but a profound expression of God's grace and calling upon His people.