Definition and Nature:
Earthly wisdom, as described in the Bible, refers to a type of understanding and knowledge that is rooted in human reasoning and worldly principles rather than divine insight. It is often contrasted with heavenly or godly wisdom, which is characterized by purity, peace, and righteousness.

Biblical References:
The concept of earthly wisdom is most explicitly addressed in the New Testament, particularly in the Epistle of James. James 3:14-16 states, "But if you harbor bitter jealousy and selfish ambition in your hearts, do not boast in it or deny the truth. Such wisdom does not come from above, but is earthly, unspiritual, demonic. For where jealousy and selfish ambition exist, there will be disorder and every evil practice."

Characteristics of Earthly Wisdom:
1. Selfish Ambition and Jealousy: Earthly wisdom is often driven by self-centered motives and envy. It seeks personal gain and recognition rather than the welfare of others or the glory of God.

2. Unspiritual and Demonic: James describes this wisdom as unspiritual and even demonic, indicating that it is influenced by forces opposed to God’s will. It is grounded in the natural, fallen state of humanity and is susceptible to manipulation by evil.

3. Disorder and Evil Practices: The fruit of earthly wisdom is disorder and chaos. It leads to conflict, strife, and a breakdown of community and relationships, as it prioritizes personal desires over communal harmony and godly principles.

Contrast with Heavenly Wisdom:
Heavenly wisdom, in contrast, is described in James 3:17 as "first of all pure, then peace-loving, gentle, accommodating, full of mercy and good fruit, impartial, and sincere." This wisdom is characterized by its alignment with God’s nature and purposes, promoting peace and righteousness.

Old Testament Insights:
While the term "earthly wisdom" is not explicitly used in the Old Testament, the concept is present. Proverbs often contrasts the wisdom of the world with the fear of the Lord, which is the beginning of true wisdom (Proverbs 9:10). The book of Ecclesiastes also explores the futility of human wisdom apart from God, as Solomon reflects on the vanity of worldly pursuits and knowledge (Ecclesiastes 1:16-18).

Practical Implications:
Believers are called to discern between earthly and heavenly wisdom. The Apostle Paul warns against being conformed to the patterns of this world, urging believers to be transformed by the renewing of their minds (Romans 12:2). This transformation involves seeking wisdom from God, who gives generously to all who ask (James 1:5).

Conclusion:
Earthly wisdom, while often appealing and seemingly practical, ultimately leads away from God’s truth and purposes. Christians are encouraged to seek wisdom that is rooted in the fear of the Lord and aligned with His will, resulting in a life that reflects His character and brings glory to His name.