Song of Solomon 4:14

with nard and saffron, with calamus and cinnamon, with every kind of frankincense tree, with myrrh and aloes, with all the finest spices.

Study Bible

nard
Nard, also known as spikenard, is a fragrant oil derived from the root of the Nardostachys jatamansi plant, native to the Himalayas. In biblical times, it was a luxury item, often used in anointing and perfumery. Its mention here signifies the preciousness and value of the beloved, as well as the richness of their love. The use of nard in the New Testament, particularly in the anointing of Jesus, underscores its significance as a symbol of devotion and sacrifice.

saffron
Saffron, derived from the Crocus sativus flower, is one of the most expensive spices by weight. Its vibrant color and distinct aroma make it a symbol of beauty and rarity. In the context of the Song of Solomon, saffron represents the unique and exquisite nature of the beloved. Historically, saffron has been used in both culinary and medicinal applications, highlighting the multifaceted nature of love and its ability to heal and nourish.

calamus
Calamus, or sweet flag, is a plant known for its aromatic rhizome. In ancient times, it was used in the making of holy anointing oil as described in Exodus 30:23. Its inclusion in this verse suggests a sacred and consecrated aspect to the love being described. The use of calamus evokes a sense of purity and dedication, aligning the love between the lovers with divine love.

cinnamon
Cinnamon, a spice obtained from the inner bark of trees from the genus Cinnamomum, was highly prized in the ancient world for its fragrance and flavor. It was used in religious rituals and as a symbol of wealth and status. In the Song of Solomon, cinnamon represents the warmth and sweetness of love, as well as its ability to enrich and enhance life. The historical trade of cinnamon also reflects the far-reaching and enduring nature of true love.

with all the trees of frankincense
Frankincense, a resin obtained from the Boswellia tree, was used in incense and perfumes. It holds significant religious connotations, being one of the gifts brought to Jesus by the Magi. The mention of "all the trees of frankincense" suggests an abundance of spiritual richness and divine blessing in the relationship. Frankincense symbolizes prayer, worship, and the presence of God, elevating the love described to a sacred level.

myrrh
Myrrh, another resin, was used in embalming and as a perfume. It is often associated with suffering and sacrifice, as seen in its use at Jesus' crucifixion. In the Song of Solomon, myrrh represents the depth and intensity of love, which may involve sacrifice and endurance. The dual nature of myrrh, both bitter and sweet, reflects the complexities and challenges inherent in a committed relationship.

aloes
Aloes, likely referring to the fragrant wood of the Aquilaria tree, were used in burial practices and as a perfume. The mention of aloes in this verse suggests a sense of permanence and legacy in love. Historically, aloes were valued for their soothing and healing properties, symbolizing the restorative power of love to bring comfort and peace.

with all the finest spices
The phrase "with all the finest spices" encapsulates the idea of completeness and perfection in love. It suggests that the love between the lovers is not only rich and diverse but also the best of its kind. The use of spices in ancient times for anointing, healing, and celebration underscores the multifaceted nature of love, which encompasses joy, healing, and sanctity. This phrase invites readers to consider the divine orchestration and blessing present in a love that is both earthly and heavenly.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Solomon
Traditionally attributed as the author of the Song of Solomon, Solomon was the son of King David and known for his wisdom and wealth. The book is often seen as an allegory of Christ's love for the Church.

2. The Beloved
The female protagonist in the Song of Solomon, often interpreted as representing the Church or the individual believer in a spiritual allegory.

3. Spices and Aromatics
The verse lists various spices and aromatics, which were highly valued in ancient times for their fragrance and use in anointing and worship.

4. Ancient Near East
The cultural and geographical context of the Song of Solomon, where spices and perfumes were significant in trade and daily life.

5. Garden Imagery
The use of garden imagery in the Song of Solomon symbolizes beauty, fertility, and the intimate relationship between the lovers, often seen as a metaphor for the relationship between God and His people.

Teaching Points

Symbolism of Spices
The spices mentioned symbolize the richness and depth of love. In a spiritual sense, they represent the diverse and pleasing aspects of a believer's relationship with Christ.

Worship and Devotion
Just as spices were used in worship, our lives should be a fragrant offering to God, characterized by devotion and purity.

Christ's Love for the Church
The beauty and value of the spices reflect the preciousness of Christ's love for His Church, encouraging believers to cherish and nurture their relationship with Him.

Spiritual Growth
The variety of spices can symbolize the different aspects of spiritual growth and maturity, encouraging believers to cultivate a well-rounded faith.

Intimacy with God
The intimate and personal nature of the imagery invites believers to seek a deeper, more personal relationship with God, akin to the closeness of the lovers in the Song of Solomon.

Bible Study Questions

1. How do the spices mentioned in Song of Solomon 4:14 enhance your understanding of the value and beauty of love in a spiritual context?

2. In what ways can the use of spices in ancient worship practices inform our modern approach to worship and devotion?

3. How does the imagery of a garden in the Song of Solomon inspire you to cultivate your personal relationship with God?

4. What parallels can you draw between the use of myrrh and aloes in the Song of Solomon and their use in the burial of Jesus?

5. How can the diverse qualities of the spices in this verse encourage you to pursue a balanced and mature spiritual life?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 30
The use of spices in the anointing oil and incense for the Tabernacle connects to the sacred and worshipful connotations of the spices mentioned in Song of Solomon 4:14.

John 19
The use of myrrh and aloes in the burial of Jesus highlights the significance of these spices in both life and death, symbolizing honor and reverence.

Revelation 5
The imagery of incense in worship before the throne of God connects to the idea of prayers and worship being a fragrant offering to God.