Psalm 79:1
The nations, O God, have invaded Your inheritance; they have defiled Your holy temple and reduced Jerusalem to rubble.
A Psalm of Asaph.
Asaph was a prominent Levite musician appointed by King David to lead worship in the tabernacle. The Psalms attributed to him often reflect themes of lament and divine justice. This particular psalm is a communal lament, expressing the anguish of the Israelites over the destruction of Jerusalem.

The nations, O God, have invaded Your inheritance;
The term "nations" refers to the Gentile powers, likely the Babylonians, who invaded Judah. "Your inheritance" signifies the land of Israel, which God had given to His people as a covenant promise. This invasion represents a violation of the sacred trust between God and His chosen people, highlighting the severity of the situation.

they have defiled Your holy temple
The temple in Jerusalem was the center of Jewish worship and the dwelling place of God's presence among His people. Its defilement by foreign invaders was not only a physical destruction but also a spiritual desecration. This act fulfilled prophecies of judgment due to Israel's unfaithfulness, as seen in Jeremiah 7:14 and 26:6.

and reduced Jerusalem to rubble.
Jerusalem, the city of David and the spiritual heart of Israel, was left in ruins. This destruction is historically linked to the Babylonian conquest in 586 BC. The imagery of rubble signifies total devastation and loss, echoing the lamentations of the prophets like Jeremiah and the cries for restoration found in later scriptures such as Nehemiah. This devastation also prefigures the ultimate restoration and redemption through Jesus Christ, who is seen as the true temple and cornerstone of a new spiritual Jerusalem.

Persons / Places / Events
1. God
The central figure to whom the psalmist cries out for help and intervention. Represents divine authority and sovereignty.

2. Nations
Refers to the foreign powers that have invaded and desecrated the land of Israel, specifically targeting Jerusalem and the temple.

3. Inheritance
Symbolizes the land of Israel, which God has given to His people as a heritage. It is a sacred trust that has been violated by the invaders.

4. Holy Temple
The sacred place of worship in Jerusalem, representing God's presence among His people. Its desecration signifies a profound spiritual and national crisis.

5. Jerusalem
The capital city of Israel, central to Jewish identity and faith. Its destruction is a symbol of the nation's downfall and suffering.
Teaching Points
The Reality of Judgment
The invasion and destruction of Jerusalem serve as a reminder of the consequences of turning away from God. Believers are called to live in obedience and faithfulness to avoid spiritual desolation.

The Sanctity of Worship
The defilement of the temple highlights the importance of maintaining the purity and reverence of our places of worship. Christians are encouraged to honor God in their worship practices.

God's Sovereignty in Crisis
Even in the midst of devastation, God remains sovereign. Believers can trust in His ultimate plan and seek His guidance during times of trial.

The Call to Intercession
The psalmist's plea for divine intervention encourages believers to intercede for their communities and nations, asking God to restore and heal.

Hope for Restoration
Despite the immediate circumstances, there is hope for renewal and restoration. Christians are reminded of God's promises and the future redemption through Christ.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the historical context of the Babylonian invasion enhance our understanding of Psalm 79:1?

2. In what ways can the desecration of the temple in Psalm 79:1 be related to the importance of maintaining spiritual purity in our lives today?

3. How can we apply the psalmist's response to crisis in Psalm 79:1 to our own situations of personal or communal distress?

4. What other biblical examples of intercessory prayer can we find, and how do they compare to the plea in Psalm 79:1?

5. How does the theme of hope for restoration in Psalm 79:1 connect with New Testament promises of redemption and renewal through Jesus Christ?
Connections to Other Scriptures
2 Kings 25
Describes the historical event of the Babylonian invasion and destruction of Jerusalem, providing context for the lament in Psalm 79.

Lamentations 1
Offers a poetic expression of grief over the destruction of Jerusalem, similar in tone and theme to Psalm 79.

Daniel 9
Daniel's prayer of confession and plea for restoration reflects the themes of repentance and hope found in Psalm 79.

Revelation 11
The measuring of the temple and the trampling of the holy city by the nations echo the desecration described in Psalm 79.
Times of PersecutionR. Tuck Psalm 79:1-4
An Imprecatory PsalmS. Conway Psalm 79:1-13
Good Men God's InheritanceHomilistPsalm 79:1-13
Prayer for Deliverance from SufferingC. Short Psalm 79:1-13
The Inhumanity of Man and the Mixture of Good and EvilHomilistPsalm 79:1-13
People
Asaph, Jacob, Psalmist
Places
Jerusalem
Topics
Asaph, Broken, Defiled, Gt, Heaps, Heathen, Heritage, Holy, Inheritance, Invaded, Jerusalem, Laid, Lt, Mass, Nations, O, Psalm, Reduced, Rubble, Ruins, Temple, Unclean, Walls
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Psalm 79:1

     5354   invasions
     5704   inheritance, material
     5896   irreverence
     7348   defilement
     7470   temple, significance

Psalm 79:1-2

     7155   saints

Psalm 79:1-5

     6115   blame

Library
The Attack on the Scriptures
[Illustration: (drop cap B) A Greek Warrior] But troubled times came again to Jerusalem. The great empires of Babylon and Assyria had passed away for ever, exactly as the prophets of Israel had foretold; but new powers had arisen in the world, and the great nations fought together so constantly that all the smaller countries, and with them the Kingdom of Judah, changed hands very often. At last Alexander the Great managed to make himself master of all the countries of the then-known world. Alexander
Mildred Duff—The Bible in its Making

How they are to be Admonished who Lament Sins of Deed, and those who Lament Only Sins of Thought.
(Admonition 30.) Differently to be admonished are those who deplore sins of deed, and those who deplore sins of thought. For those who deplore sins of deed are to be admonished that perfected lamentations should wash out consummated evils, lest they be bound by a greater debt of perpetrated deed than they pay in tears of satisfaction for it. For it is written, He hath given us drink in tears by measure (Ps. lxxix. 6): which means that each person's soul should in its penitence drink the tears
Leo the Great—Writings of Leo the Great

Period ii. The Church from the Permanent Division of the Empire Until the Collapse of the Western Empire and the First Schism Between the East and the West, or Until About A. D. 500
In the second period of the history of the Church under the Christian Empire, the Church, although existing in two divisions of the Empire and experiencing very different political fortunes, may still be regarded as forming a whole. The theological controversies distracting the Church, although different in the two halves of the Graeco-Roman world, were felt to some extent in both divisions of the Empire and not merely in the one in which they were principally fought out; and in the condemnation
Joseph Cullen Ayer Jr., Ph.D.—A Source Book for Ancient Church History

The Formation of the Old Testament Canon
[Sidenote: Israel's literature at the beginning of the fourth century before Christ] Could we have studied the scriptures of the Israelitish race about 400 B.C., we should have classified them under four great divisions: (1) The prophetic writings, represented by the combined early Judean, Ephraimite, and late prophetic or Deuteronomic narratives, and their continuation in Samuel and Kings, together with the earlier and exilic prophecies; (2) the legal, represented by the majority of the Old Testament
Charles Foster Kent—The Origin & Permanent Value of the Old Testament

A Summary of the Christian Life. Of Self-Denial.
The divisions of the chapter are,--I. The rule which permits us not to go astray in the study of righteousness, requires two things, viz., that man, abandoning his own will, devote himself entirely to the service of God; whence it follows, that we must seek not our own things, but the things of God, sec. 1, 2. II. A description of this renovation or Christian life taken from the Epistle to Titus, and accurately explained under certain special heads, sec. 3 to end. 1. ALTHOUGH the Law of God contains
Archpriest John Iliytch Sergieff—On the Christian Life

Psalms
The piety of the Old Testament Church is reflected with more clearness and variety in the Psalter than in any other book of the Old Testament. It constitutes the response of the Church to the divine demands of prophecy, and, in a less degree, of law; or, rather, it expresses those emotions and aspirations of the universal heart which lie deeper than any formal demand. It is the speech of the soul face to face with God. Its words are as simple and unaffected as human words can be, for it is the genius
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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