Psalm 17:10

They have closed their callous hearts; their mouths speak with arrogance.

Study Bible

They have closed
The phrase "they have closed" suggests a deliberate action, indicating a willful decision to shut off or seal something. In the Hebrew text, the word used here is "סָגַר" (sagar), which means to shut, close, or stop. This implies a conscious choice to reject or ignore something, in this case, the truth or the voice of God. Historically, this reflects the persistent rebellion of those who choose to turn away from divine guidance, a theme prevalent throughout the Old Testament.

their callous hearts
The term "callous hearts" is derived from the Hebrew "חֵלֶב" (cheleb), which can mean fat or the best part, but in this context, it refers to a heart that is insensitive or unfeeling. This imagery of a heart covered in fat suggests a spiritual insensitivity or a barrier to compassion and understanding. Biblically, a callous heart is often associated with stubbornness and a refusal to heed God's word, as seen in Pharaoh's hardened heart in Exodus.

their mouths speak
The phrase "their mouths speak" highlights the connection between the heart and speech. In Hebrew thought, the mouth is an extension of the heart, and what one speaks reveals the condition of the heart. The verb "speak" here is "דָּבַר" (dabar), which means to declare or converse. This indicates that the words spoken are not accidental but are a reflection of the inner state of the speaker.

with arrogance
The word "arrogance" is translated from the Hebrew "גָּאוֹן" (ga'on), which means pride or haughtiness. This term conveys a sense of self-exaltation and an inflated sense of self-worth. In the biblical context, arrogance is often condemned as it leads to a rejection of God's authority and wisdom. The historical context of Israel's leaders and nations surrounding them often illustrates the downfall that follows such pride, serving as a warning to remain humble before God.

Persons / Places / Events

1. David
The author of Psalm 17, David is praying for protection and deliverance from his enemies. He is a central figure in the Old Testament, known for his deep relationship with God and his role as the King of Israel.

2. Enemies of David
The individuals or groups who oppose David, characterized by their hardened hearts and arrogant speech. They represent those who stand against God's anointed and righteous ways.

3. God
The ultimate judge and protector whom David appeals to for justice and deliverance from his adversaries.

Teaching Points

Guard Against Hardness of Heart
The Hebrew word for "callous" (cheleb) implies a thick, insensitive layer. Believers are encouraged to remain sensitive to God's voice and promptings, avoiding spiritual insensitivity.

The Danger of Arrogant Speech
Arrogance in speech reflects a deeper heart issue. Christians are called to speak with humility and grace, recognizing that our words reveal the state of our hearts.

Seek God's Protection and Justice
Like David, believers should turn to God in times of trouble, trusting in His justice and protection against those who oppose righteousness.

Self-Examination
Regularly examine your heart and speech to ensure they align with God's standards. Repentance and humility are key to maintaining a soft heart.

Bible Study Questions

1. How can we identify areas in our lives where our hearts may have become callous, and what steps can we take to soften them?

2. In what ways does arrogance manifest in our speech, and how can we cultivate a habit of speaking with humility and grace?

3. How does David's approach to dealing with his enemies in Psalm 17 inspire us to handle opposition in our own lives?

4. What are some practical ways to seek God's protection and justice in situations where we face adversity or injustice?

5. How do the themes of heart condition and speech in Psalm 17:10 connect with the teachings of Jesus in the New Testament, particularly in the Sermon on the Mount?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Proverbs 16:5
This verse speaks about the Lord's disdain for the proud, connecting to the arrogance mentioned in Psalm 17:10.

Ezekiel 11:19
Discusses the transformation of a callous heart to a heart of flesh, offering hope for those who turn to God.

James 4:6
Highlights God's opposition to the proud but grace to the humble, reinforcing the theme of humility versus arrogance.