Numbers 31:7

Then they waged war against Midian, as the LORD had commanded Moses, and they killed every male.

Study Bible

Then they waged war against Midian
The Israelites' conflict with Midian is rooted in earlier events, particularly the incident at Peor (Numbers 25), where Midianite women led the Israelites into idolatry and immorality. This war is a divine retribution for Midian's role in seducing Israel away from God. The Midianites were a nomadic people, often interacting with Israel, sometimes as allies, as seen with Moses' father-in-law, Jethro, a Midianite priest. This war signifies a break from any previous peaceful relations.

as the LORD had commanded Moses
This phrase underscores the divine mandate behind the military action. It reflects the theocratic nature of Israel, where God directly guides national decisions. The command to wage war is not a human initiative but a fulfillment of divine justice. This obedience to God's command is a recurring theme in the Pentateuch, emphasizing the importance of following divine instructions precisely.

and they killed every male
The complete destruction of the male population is indicative of the totality of the judgment against Midian. In ancient Near Eastern warfare, the killing of males was a common practice to prevent future retaliation and to weaken the enemy's societal structure. This act also serves as a deterrent to other nations that might lead Israel into sin. Theologically, it reflects the seriousness of sin and the lengths to which God will go to preserve the holiness of His people. This action can be compared to other instances of divine judgment, such as the flood in Genesis or the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The leader of the Israelites, who received direct commands from God regarding the actions against Midian.

2. Midian
A region and people who were adversaries of Israel. The Midianites had previously led Israel into sin through the incident at Peor.

3. The Israelites
The people of God, chosen to execute His judgment against Midian as a response to their seduction and idolatry.

4. The LORD (Yahweh)
The covenant God of Israel, who commanded the Israelites to wage war against Midian.

5. The War Against Midian
A divinely commanded military campaign to execute judgment on the Midianites for their role in leading Israel into sin.

Teaching Points

Obedience to God's Commands
The Israelites' actions against Midian were in direct obedience to God's command. This highlights the importance of following God's instructions, even when they are difficult or challenging.

The Consequences of Sin
The war against Midian serves as a reminder of the serious consequences of leading others into sin. The Midianites' actions at Peor had severe repercussions, emphasizing the need for holiness and purity.

God's Sovereignty in Judgment
God's command to wage war against Midian demonstrates His sovereignty and justice. It reminds us that God is the ultimate judge and that His judgments are righteous and true.

Spiritual Warfare
While the battle against Midian was physical, it symbolizes the spiritual battles believers face today. Christians are called to wage war against sin and spiritual forces, relying on God's strength and guidance.

The Role of Leadership
Moses' leadership in executing God's command underscores the responsibility of leaders to guide their people in righteousness and obedience to God.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the context of Numbers 25 help us understand the reason for God's command to wage war against Midian in Numbers 31:7?

2. In what ways does the account of the war against Midian illustrate the principle of divine justice?

3. How can we apply the concept of spiritual warfare from this passage to our daily lives as Christians?

4. What lessons can we learn from Moses' obedience to God's command, and how can we apply these lessons to our own leadership roles?

5. How does the complete destruction of the Midianite males reflect the seriousness of sin and its consequences, and how can this understanding impact our view of sin today?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 17
The Amalekites, like the Midianites, were enemies of Israel, and God commanded their defeat, showing a pattern of divine judgment against those who oppose His people.

Numbers 25
Provides context for the war against Midian, detailing how the Midianites led Israel into idolatry and immorality.

Deuteronomy 20
Offers laws concerning warfare, including the treatment of enemies, which can provide insight into the actions taken in Numbers 31.

Judges 6-8
The account of Gideon and the Midianites, showing another instance where God delivers Israel from Midianite oppression.

1 Samuel 15
God's command to Saul to destroy the Amalekites, paralleling the complete destruction commanded against Midian.