Numbers 31:18

but spare for yourselves every girl who has never had relations with a man.

Study Bible

but spare for yourselves
This phrase indicates a directive given to the Israelites after their victory over the Midianites. The sparing of certain individuals reflects the ancient practice of taking captives in warfare, which was common in the Near Eastern cultures. It also highlights the concept of spoils of war, where victors would take people and goods as part of their conquest. This directive is part of a larger narrative where God commands Moses to take vengeance on the Midianites for leading Israel into idolatry and immorality (Numbers 25). The sparing of certain individuals can be seen as a form of mercy or practical necessity, as these captives could be integrated into Israelite society.

every girl who has never had relations with a man
This specification serves a dual purpose. Culturally, it reflects the importance placed on virginity and purity in ancient Israelite society. Virgins were often seen as more easily assimilated into the community, as they had not been involved in the idolatrous practices of the Midianites. Historically, this practice ensured that those who were spared were not complicit in the previous seduction and idolatry that led Israel astray. Theologically, this can be seen as a measure to maintain the holiness and distinctiveness of the Israelite community. In a broader biblical context, the concept of purity and separation from sin is a recurring theme, pointing towards the need for a holy people set apart for God. This can also be seen as a type of Christ, who is the ultimate pure and spotless sacrifice, emphasizing the need for purity in those who are part of God's covenant community.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The leader of the Israelites, who received and conveyed God's commands regarding the Midianites.

2. Midianites
A nomadic tribe that opposed Israel and led them into idolatry and immorality.

3. Israelites
The chosen people of God, who were commanded to execute judgment on the Midianites.

4. Phinehas
The priest who played a significant role in the battle against the Midianites.

5. War against Midian
A divinely commanded conflict as a judgment against the Midianites for their role in leading Israel into sin.

Teaching Points

Understanding Divine Justice
The command in Numbers 31:18 reflects God's justice and holiness. It is crucial to understand the context of divine judgment in the Old Testament.

The Role of Obedience
The Israelites were called to obey God's commands, even when they were difficult. This teaches us the importance of obedience to God’s will.

The Consequences of Sin
The Midianites' actions led to severe consequences. This serves as a reminder of the seriousness of sin and its impact on individuals and communities.

God’s Sovereignty
God’s commands, even when challenging, are part of His sovereign plan. Trusting in His sovereignty is essential for believers.

Moral and Ethical Reflections
Reflect on the ethical implications of Old Testament warfare and how they relate to the broader account of Scripture and God’s redemptive plan.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the context of Numbers 31 help us understand the command given in verse 18?

2. In what ways does the account of the Midianites serve as a warning against idolatry and immorality?

3. How can we reconcile the Old Testament accounts of warfare with the New Testament teachings on love and forgiveness?

4. What does this passage teach us about the importance of obedience to God, even when His commands are difficult to understand?

5. How can we apply the lessons from Numbers 31:18 to our lives today, particularly in terms of trusting God’s justice and sovereignty?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 19
The destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, which parallels the judgment on the Midianites as a divine response to sin.

Deuteronomy 20
Provides laws of warfare, including the treatment of captives, which offers context to the instructions given in Numbers 31.

1 Samuel 15
The command to Saul to destroy the Amalekites, highlighting the theme of divine judgment against nations that oppose God’s people.

Matthew 5:17-20
Jesus’ teaching on the fulfillment of the Law, which can be contrasted with Old Testament laws and judgments.

Romans 12:19
The New Testament teaching on leaving vengeance to God, offering a perspective on divine justice.