Numbers 28:30
Include one male goat to make atonement for you.
Include one male goat
The use of a male goat in sacrificial offerings is significant in the Old Testament. Goats were commonly used in various offerings, including sin offerings, due to their availability and symbolic representation of sin and atonement. The male goat, in particular, was often chosen for its strength and value. In the context of Numbers 28, this offering is part of the prescribed sacrifices for the Israelites, emphasizing the importance of obedience to God's commands in worship. The male goat also foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who is often symbolically associated with the scapegoat, bearing the sins of the people.

to make atonement for you
Atonement in the Old Testament involves the covering or removal of sin, allowing for reconciliation between God and His people. The sacrificial system, including the offering of a male goat, was a means by which the Israelites could maintain a right relationship with God. This concept of atonement is central to the biblical narrative, pointing forward to the New Testament where Jesus Christ is described as the ultimate atonement for sin. His sacrifice on the cross fulfills the need for continual animal sacrifices, providing a once-for-all atonement for humanity. The idea of atonement underscores the seriousness of sin and the necessity of a mediator between God and man.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Moses
The leader of the Israelites who received the laws and instructions from God, including the sacrificial system outlined in Numbers.

2. Israelites
The chosen people of God, who were given specific instructions on how to worship and make atonement for their sins.

3. Tabernacle
The portable dwelling place for the divine presence, where sacrifices and offerings were made.

4. Sacrificial System
The divinely instituted method for atonement and worship, involving various offerings and sacrifices.

5. Atonement
The process of making amends or reparation for sin, often through the shedding of blood in the Old Testament context.
Teaching Points
Understanding Atonement
The concept of atonement in the Old Testament is foundational for understanding the work of Christ. The male goat in Numbers 28:30 symbolizes the need for a substitute to bear the penalty of sin.

The Role of Sacrifice
Sacrifices were a tangible reminder of the cost of sin and the holiness of God. They pointed forward to the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus, who fulfilled the law and the prophets.

God’s Provision for Sin
The inclusion of a male goat for atonement demonstrates God's provision for dealing with sin. It reminds us of His grace and mercy in providing a way for reconciliation.

The Continuity of Scripture
The sacrificial system in the Old Testament is not an isolated practice but part of the larger account of redemption that culminates in Christ.

Living in Light of Atonement
As believers, understanding the depth of atonement should lead us to live lives of gratitude, holiness, and service, reflecting the sacrifice made on our behalf.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the requirement of a male goat for atonement in Numbers 28:30 help us understand the seriousness of sin in the eyes of God?

2. In what ways does the sacrificial system in the Old Testament point to the work of Jesus Christ in the New Testament?

3. How can understanding the concept of atonement deepen our appreciation for the sacrifice of Jesus?

4. What are some practical ways we can live in response to the atonement provided by Christ?

5. How does the continuity of the theme of atonement throughout the Bible strengthen your faith in the reliability and unity of Scripture?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Leviticus 16
This chapter provides a detailed description of the Day of Atonement, highlighting the significance of the goat in the atonement process.

Hebrews 9
This New Testament passage explains how the sacrificial system foreshadowed the ultimate atonement through Jesus Christ.

Isaiah 53
This prophetic chapter speaks of the suffering servant who would bear the sins of many, connecting to the concept of atonement.

John 1:29
John the Baptist refers to Jesus as the "Lamb of God," drawing a parallel to the sacrificial system and the ultimate atonement He provides.
Of the Daily SacrificesW. Attersoll.Numbers 28:1-31
The New Moon FestivalW. Seaton.Numbers 28:1-31
The Feast of the First-FruitsD. Young Numbers 28:26-31
People
Ephah, Israelites, Moses
Places
Jericho, Mount Sinai
Topics
Atonement, Buck, Goat, Goats, He-goat, Kid, Male, Sin
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Numbers 28:30

     6616   atonement, in OT
     6648   expiation

Numbers 28:26-30

     7361   Feast of Weeks

Numbers 28:26-31

     4506   seed
     4975   week
     7408   Pentecost
     8644   commemoration

Library
Whether the Third Precept of the Decalogue, Concerning the Hallowing of the Sabbath, is Fittingly Expressed?
Objection 1: It seems that the third precept of the decalogue, concerning the hallowing of the Sabbath, is unfittingly expressed. For this, understood spiritually, is a general precept: since Bede in commenting on Lk. 13:14, "The ruler of the synagogue being angry that He had healed on the Sabbath," says (Comment. iv): "The Law forbids, not to heal man on the Sabbath, but to do servile works," i.e. "to burden oneself with sin." Taken literally it is a ceremonial precept, for it is written (Ex. 31:13):
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

Questions About the Nature and Perpetuity of the Seventh-Day Sabbath.
AND PROOF, THAT THE FIRST DAY OF THE WEEK IS THE TRUE CHRISTIAN SABBATH. BY JOHN BUNYAN. 'The Son of man is lord also of the Sabbath day.' London: Printed for Nath, Ponder, at the Peacock in the Poultry, 1685. EDITOR'S ADVERTISEMENT. All our inquiries into divine commands are required to be made personally, solemnly, prayerful. To 'prove all things,' and 'hold fast' and obey 'that which is good,' is a precept, equally binding upon the clown, as it is upon the philosopher. Satisfied from our observations
John Bunyan—The Works of John Bunyan Volumes 1-3

Jesus Defends Disciples who Pluck Grain on the Sabbath.
(Probably While on the Way from Jerusalem to Galilee.) ^A Matt. XII. 1-8; ^B Mark II. 23-28; ^C Luke VI. 1-5. ^b 23 And ^c 1 Now it came to pass ^a 1 At that season ^b that he ^a Jesus went { ^b was going} on the { ^c a} ^b sabbath day through the grainfields; ^a and his disciples were hungry and began ^b as they went, to pluck the ears. ^a and to eat, ^c and his disciples plucked the ears, and did eat, rubbing them in their hands. [This lesson fits in chronological order with the last, if the Bethesda
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Numbers
Like the last part of Exodus, and the whole of Leviticus, the first part of Numbers, i.-x. 28--so called,[1] rather inappropriately, from the census in i., iii., (iv.), xxvi.--is unmistakably priestly in its interests and language. Beginning with a census of the men of war (i.) and the order of the camp (ii.), it devotes specific attention to the Levites, their numbers and duties (iii., iv.). Then follow laws for the exclusion of the unclean, v. 1-4, for determining the manner and amount of restitution
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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