Nahum 2:7

It is decreed that the city be exiled and carried away; her maidservants moan like doves, and beat upon their breasts.

Study Bible

It is decreed
This phrase indicates a divine decision or judgment that is irrevocable. In the Hebrew text, the word used here is "וְהֻצַּב" (vehutzav), which conveys the idea of something being firmly established or appointed. This reflects the sovereignty of God in executing His will against Nineveh, the capital of Assyria, which had been a symbol of oppression and wickedness. The decree is not merely a human prediction but a divine mandate, underscoring the certainty of the impending judgment.

She will be exiled and carried away
The "she" refers to Nineveh, personified as a woman facing humiliation and defeat. The Hebrew word for "exiled" is "גָּלָה" (galah), meaning to uncover or remove, often used in the context of captivity or deportation. This reflects the historical practice of conquering empires, such as the Assyrians themselves, who would exile defeated peoples to prevent rebellion. The phrase "carried away" emphasizes the totality of the city's downfall, as its inhabitants are forcibly removed from their land, signifying the end of their power and influence.

Her maidservants moan
The maidservants symbolize the inhabitants of Nineveh, particularly those who served in the royal court or temple. The Hebrew word "נַהֲגוֹתֶיהָ" (nahagoteha) suggests those who are led or driven, indicating their helplessness in the face of disaster. Their moaning is a response to the calamity that has befallen them, expressing deep sorrow and despair. This imagery highlights the reversal of fortunes for a city that once inspired fear and awe.

like the sound of doves
Doves are often associated with mourning in biblical literature. The Hebrew word "יוֹנִים" (yonim) evokes the gentle, plaintive cooing of doves, which serves as a metaphor for the lamentation of Nineveh's people. This simile underscores the depth of their grief and the loss of their former glory. In a broader biblical context, doves also symbolize innocence and peace, contrasting sharply with Nineveh's history of violence and conquest.

beating their breasts
This phrase describes a traditional expression of mourning and anguish in ancient Near Eastern cultures. The act of beating one's breast is a physical manifestation of inner turmoil and distress. In Hebrew, "מְתֹפְפוֹת עַל לִבְבֵיהֶן" (metofefot al libbehen) conveys an intense emotional response to the city's destruction. This vivid imagery serves as a powerful reminder of the consequences of sin and the justice of God, who brings down the proud and exalts the humble.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Nineveh
The capital city of the Assyrian Empire, known for its great power and wealth, but also for its wickedness and cruelty. Nahum prophesies its downfall.

2. Assyrian Empire
A dominant empire in the ancient Near East, known for its military prowess and harsh treatment of conquered peoples. The prophecy foretells its decline.

3. Maidservants
Representing the people of Nineveh, particularly the women who will mourn the city's destruction and their own captivity.

4. Prophet Nahum
The author of the book, Nahum is a prophet who delivers God's message of judgment against Nineveh.

5. Exile and Captivity
The fate decreed for Nineveh, symbolizing the complete overthrow and humiliation of the city and its people.

Teaching Points

God's Sovereignty in Judgment
God is in control of the rise and fall of nations. His decrees are certain and will come to pass.

The Consequences of Wickedness
Nineveh's downfall serves as a warning against pride, cruelty, and sin. God's justice will prevail.

The Reality of Mourning and Loss
The imagery of maidservants mourning highlights the personal and communal impact of sin and judgment.

Hope in God's Justice
While judgment is severe, it is also a reminder of God's righteousness and the hope for restoration for those who turn to Him.

Reflecting on Our Own Lives
Consider areas where we may be prideful or unjust, and seek repentance and alignment with God's will.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the prophecy against Nineveh in Nahum 2:7 reflect God's character and His view of justice?

2. In what ways can the downfall of Nineveh serve as a warning to modern societies or individuals?

3. How do the themes of mourning and loss in Nahum 2:7 relate to other biblical accounts of judgment, such as in Isaiah or Revelation?

4. What personal lessons can we learn from the maidservants' response to Nineveh's destruction, and how can we apply these lessons in our own lives?

5. How can we find hope and assurance in God's justice, even when facing difficult or challenging circumstances?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Isaiah 13
Similar themes of judgment against a powerful city (Babylon) and the mourning of its people.

Zephaniah 2
Prophecies against nations, including Assyria, highlighting God's sovereignty over all nations.

Revelation 18
The fall of Babylon the Great, echoing the themes of judgment and mourning found in Nahum.