Leviticus 4:27

And if one of the common people sins unintentionally and does what is prohibited by any of the LORD's commandments, he incurs guilt.

Study Bible

And if one of the common people
The phrase "common people" refers to the ordinary Israelites, distinct from priests or leaders. In Hebrew, the term used is "ʿam ha'aretz," which literally means "people of the land." This highlights the inclusivity of God's laws, emphasizing that divine commandments apply to everyone, regardless of social status. Historically, this underscores the communal nature of Israelite society, where each individual's actions could impact the community's holiness.

sins unintentionally
The Hebrew word for "sins" is "chata," which means to miss the mark or to err. The concept of unintentional sin, "bišgāgâ," reflects the understanding that humans are fallible and can err without malicious intent. This provision in the law shows God's grace and understanding of human nature, offering a path for reconciliation even when the sin is not deliberate. It underscores the importance of awareness and repentance in maintaining a right relationship with God.

by violating one of the LORD’s commandments
The term "violating" comes from the Hebrew "ʿābar," meaning to transgress or pass over. This indicates a breach of the divine covenant. The "LORD’s commandments" are the mitzvot given to Israel, which are not merely rules but expressions of God's will and character. This phrase reminds believers of the sacredness of God's law and the need for vigilance in observing it.

and incurs guilt
The Hebrew word for "guilt" is "ʾāšām," which implies a state of liability or responsibility for wrongdoing. This concept is crucial in the sacrificial system, where acknowledging guilt is the first step towards atonement. It reflects the biblical principle that sin has consequences, and recognizing one's guilt is essential for seeking forgiveness and restoration.

by doing what is forbidden
The phrase "doing what is forbidden" translates from the Hebrew "ʿāśâ," meaning to act or to do, and "mimmēṣwōt," referring to the commandments. This highlights the active nature of sin, where one engages in actions contrary to God's instructions. It serves as a reminder of the importance of obedience and the need to align one's actions with divine will.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Common People
Refers to the ordinary Israelites, distinct from priests or leaders, highlighting that God's laws apply to everyone, regardless of status.

2. Unintentional Sin
This concept emphasizes that sin is not only about deliberate actions but also includes those committed unknowingly, reflecting the comprehensive nature of God's law.

3. The LORD’s Commandments
These are the divine laws given to the Israelites, which are meant to guide their conduct and maintain holiness.

4. Guilt
The state of being responsible for a breach of God's commandments, necessitating atonement.

5. Forbidden Actions
Specific actions that are prohibited by God's law, underscoring the importance of obedience to divine instructions.

Teaching Points

Awareness of Sin
Even unintentional sins require atonement, reminding us to be vigilant and aware of our actions and their alignment with God's commandments.

God’s Holiness and Justice
God's laws are comprehensive, and His justice requires that all sins, intentional or not, be addressed. This underscores the holiness of God and the seriousness of sin.

Need for Atonement
The requirement for atonement for unintentional sins points to the necessity of a mediator, ultimately fulfilled in Jesus Christ, who provides the perfect atonement for all sin.

Personal Reflection and Repentance
Believers are encouraged to regularly examine their lives, confessing and repenting of both known and unknown sins, seeking God's forgiveness and guidance.

Community Responsibility
The inclusion of "common people" highlights that everyone in the community is responsible for upholding God's laws, fostering a collective commitment to holiness.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the concept of unintentional sin in Leviticus 4:27 challenge our understanding of sin and accountability in our daily lives?

2. In what ways does the requirement for atonement for unintentional sins point to the necessity of Jesus' sacrifice on the cross?

3. How can we apply the principle of being aware of unintentional sins in our personal spiritual practices and community life?

4. What steps can we take to ensure that we are living in accordance with God's commandments, even in areas we might overlook?

5. How does the inclusion of "common people" in this passage emphasize the communal aspect of faith and obedience to God's laws?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Numbers 15:27-29
This passage also addresses unintentional sins and the required offerings, reinforcing the theme of atonement for sins committed unknowingly.

Hebrews 9:7
Discusses the high priest's role in offering sacrifices for both his own sins and the unintentional sins of the people, connecting the Old Testament sacrificial system to the New Testament understanding of atonement.

Psalm 19:12
The psalmist's plea for forgiveness from hidden faults aligns with the concept of unintentional sins, highlighting the need for divine grace and forgiveness.