Judges 11:5

and made war with them, the elders of Gilead went to get Jephthah from the land of Tob.

Study Bible

and when the Ammonites made war with Israel
The Ammonites were descendants of Lot, Abraham's nephew, and had a long-standing enmity with Israel. The Hebrew root for "Ammonites" is "עַמּוֹן" (Ammon), which signifies a people or nation. Historically, the Ammonites occupied the region east of the Jordan River. Their aggression towards Israel in this context is a continuation of the hostilities that often arose due to territorial disputes and differing allegiances. This phrase sets the stage for the conflict that necessitates a leader like Jephthah, highlighting the cyclical nature of Israel's struggles with neighboring nations due to their disobedience to God.

the elders of Gilead
The "elders" were the leaders or tribal heads responsible for making decisions on behalf of the people. "Gilead" refers to a region east of the Jordan River, known for its balm and rugged terrain. The Hebrew root for "elders" is "זָקֵן" (zaqen), indicating those with wisdom and authority. The elders' decision to seek out Jephthah underscores their desperation and recognition of his capabilities, despite his previous rejection. This reflects a recurring biblical theme where God uses the rejected or unlikely individuals to fulfill His purposes.

went to get Jephthah
Jephthah, whose name in Hebrew "יִפְתָּח" (Yiphtach) means "he opens" or "whom God sets free," was a mighty warrior but initially ostracized due to his birth as the son of a prostitute. The elders' journey to retrieve him from exile signifies a turning point, where necessity overrides prejudice. This act of seeking Jephthah illustrates the biblical principle that God often redeems and elevates those whom society has cast aside, using them for His glory and the deliverance of His people.

from the land of Tob
"Tob" is a region outside of Israel, possibly located in modern-day Syria. The name "Tob" in Hebrew means "good" or "pleasant," which is somewhat ironic given Jephthah's circumstances of exile. This geographical detail emphasizes Jephthah's status as an outsider and the extent to which the elders were willing to go to secure his leadership. It also serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty in orchestrating events beyond the borders of Israel to bring about His divine plan.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Ammonites
A group of people descended from Lot, often in conflict with Israel. In this context, they are the aggressors waging war against Israel.

2. Israel
The nation chosen by God, consisting of the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. They are under threat from the Ammonites in this passage.

3. Elders of Gilead
Leaders or senior figures in the region of Gilead, responsible for making decisions on behalf of the people. They seek out Jephthah for help.

4. Jephthah
A mighty warrior and the son of Gilead, previously rejected by his people due to his mother's status as a prostitute. He is living in the land of Tob at this time.

5. Land of Tob
A region outside of Gilead where Jephthah resides after being driven away by his brothers. It becomes a place of refuge and preparation for him.

Teaching Points

God Uses the Rejected
Jephthah's account reminds us that God often uses those whom society has rejected. Despite his background, God had a purpose for him.

Seeking God's Guidance in Leadership
The elders of Gilead sought out Jephthah in desperation. In our lives, we should seek God's guidance in choosing leaders and making decisions.

Redemption and Restoration
Jephthah's return to Gilead illustrates themes of redemption and restoration. God can restore relationships and use past hurts for His glory.

Courage in Adversity
Jephthah's willingness to lead Israel against the Ammonites demonstrates courage. We are called to be courageous in the face of challenges, trusting in God's strength.

The Importance of Reconciliation
The elders' approach to Jephthah shows the importance of reconciliation and humility. We should be willing to mend broken relationships for the greater good.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Jephthah's background and rejection by his family reflect the way God often chooses leaders? Can you think of other biblical figures with similar accounts?

2. In what ways can we seek God's guidance when choosing leaders or making important decisions in our lives?

3. How does the account of Jephthah encourage us to view our past mistakes or rejections in light of God's redemptive power?

4. What can we learn from the elders of Gilead about the importance of reconciliation and humility in resolving conflicts?

5. How does Jephthah's courage in leading Israel against the Ammonites inspire us to face our own challenges with faith and trust in God? Can you find other scriptures that encourage courage and faith in adversity?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 19
Provides background on the origins of the Ammonites, tracing their lineage back to Lot, Abraham's nephew.

Hebrews 11
Jephthah is mentioned in the "Faith Hall of Fame," highlighting his role as a judge and leader despite his initial rejection.

1 Samuel 8
The elders of Israel later demand a king, showing a pattern of seeking human leadership in times of crisis.