Joshua 9:18
But the Israelites did not attack them, because the leaders of the congregation had sworn an oath to them by the LORD, the God of Israel. And the whole congregation grumbled against the leaders.
But the Israelites did not attack them
This phrase refers to the Gibeonites, who deceived the Israelites into making a peace treaty. The Israelites refrained from attacking due to the covenant they had made. This highlights the importance of oaths and covenants in ancient Near Eastern culture, where breaking an oath was seen as a serious offense. The Israelites' decision not to attack, despite the deception, underscores the binding nature of their agreement.

because the leaders of the congregation had sworn an oath to them
The leaders' oath was a solemn promise, reflecting the weight of spoken words in biblical times. Swearing an oath was a sacred act, often invoking divine witness. This reflects the biblical principle that one's word should be trustworthy and binding, as seen in other scriptures like Numbers 30:2 and Ecclesiastes 5:4-5, which emphasize the importance of fulfilling vows.

by the LORD, the God of Israel
Invoking the name of the LORD in an oath added a divine dimension, making it irrevocable. This reflects the understanding of God as a witness and enforcer of covenants. The use of God's name in the oath indicates the seriousness with which the Israelites viewed their commitment, aligning with the commandment against taking the Lord's name in vain (Exodus 20:7).

And the whole congregation grumbled against the leaders
The congregation's grumbling reflects a common biblical theme of dissent and dissatisfaction among the people, reminiscent of the Israelites' complaints during their wilderness journey (Exodus 16:2-3). This reaction highlights the tension between the leaders' decision and the people's expectations, illustrating the challenges of leadership and the consequences of decisions made without seeking divine guidance, as the leaders failed to consult God before making the treaty.

Persons / Places / Events
1. The Israelites
The people of God, led by Joshua, who are in the process of conquering the Promised Land.

2. The Gibeonites
A group of people from the region of Canaan who deceived the Israelites into making a peace treaty with them.

3. The Leaders of the Assembly
The elders and leaders of Israel who made the oath with the Gibeonites.

4. The LORD, the God of Israel
The covenant God of Israel, whose name was invoked in the oath.

5. The Whole Assembly
The congregation of Israel who were upset with their leaders for making the treaty.
Teaching Points
The Importance of Discernment
The Israelites failed to seek God's guidance before making the treaty. We must always seek God's wisdom in our decisions.

The Sanctity of Oaths
The leaders' decision to honor their oath, despite the deception, underscores the importance of keeping promises, especially those made in God's name.

Leadership Accountability
The leaders faced grumbling from the assembly, reminding us that leaders are accountable to those they lead and must act with integrity.

The Consequences of Deception
The Gibeonites' deception led to a complex situation, teaching us that deceit can have long-lasting effects.

God's Sovereignty in Our Mistakes
Despite the error, God used the situation for His purposes, reminding us that He can work through our mistakes for His glory.
Bible Study Questions
1. How can we ensure that we seek God's guidance in our decision-making processes, as the Israelites failed to do in this instance?

2. What are some modern-day examples of oaths or promises that we should take seriously, and how can we ensure we honor them?

3. How can leaders today maintain integrity and accountability in their decisions, especially when facing criticism from those they lead?

4. In what ways can we see God's sovereignty at work in our lives, even when we make mistakes or face deception?

5. How does the account of the Gibeonites and the Israelites challenge us to consider the long-term consequences of our actions and decisions?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Exodus 20:7
This verse emphasizes the importance of not taking the Lord's name in vain, which relates to the seriousness of the oath made by the Israelites.

Numbers 30:2
This passage discusses the binding nature of vows made to the Lord, highlighting the obligation the Israelites felt to honor their treaty with the Gibeonites.

Psalm 15:4
This verse speaks to the character of a righteous person who keeps an oath even when it hurts, reflecting the Israelites' decision to honor their word.

Matthew 5:33-37
Jesus teaches about the importance of honesty and integrity in making promises, which can be related to the Israelites' situation.

2 Samuel 21:1-2
This passage recounts the consequences of breaking an oath with the Gibeonites, showing the long-term importance of keeping one's word.
A Canaanitish StratagemA. B. Mackay.Joshua 9:3-27
A Judgment Over Self- RelianceF. B. Meyer, B. A.Joshua 9:3-27
Beguiled by the Crafty EnemyJ. C. Miller, D. D.Joshua 9:3-27
Causes of RaggednessJ. E. Clarke, M. A.Joshua 9:3-27
Going AstrayW. G. Barrett.Joshua 9:3-27
Hasty JudgmentsH. M. Scudder, D. D.Joshua 9:3-27
Joshua Made Peace with ThemC. Ness.Joshua 9:3-27
League Made with the GibeonitesW. Seaton.Joshua 9:3-27
Mistakes Divinely OverruledF. B Meyer, B. A.Joshua 9:3-27
Old Shoes and Clouted, Patched ClothingD. Davies.Joshua 9:3-27
Pious FraudsW. G. Blaikie, DD.Joshua 9:3-27
Reprehensible Self-DistortionThomas Parsons.Joshua 9:3-27
Saints May be Outwitted by the WorldH. G. Salter.Joshua 9:3-27
Seek Direction from GodR. P. Buddicom, M. A.Joshua 9:3-27
The GibeonitesJ. Parker, D. D.Joshua 9:3-27
The Submission of the GibeonitesR. Glover Joshua 9:3-27
The GibeonitesE. De Pressense Joshua 9:15-23
An Oath ObservedS.R. Aldridge Joshua 9:18, 19
People
Amorites, Canaanites, Gibeon, Gibeonites, Hittites, Hivite, Hivites, Israelites, Jebusites, Joshua, Og, Perizzites, Sihon
Places
Ai, Ashtaroth, Bashan, Beeroth, Egypt, Gibeon, Gilgal, Great Sea, Heshbon, Jericho, Jordan River, Kiriath-jearim, Lebanon
Topics
Assembly, Attack, Chiefs, Company, Congregation, Death, Didn't, Grumbled, Kill, Leaders, Murmur, Murmured, Oath, Outcry, Princes, Smite, Smitten, Smote, Sons, Strike, Sworn
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Joshua 9:18

     5929   resentment, against people
     6163   faults

Joshua 9:3-21

     5430   oaths, human

Joshua 9:3-22

     5920   pretence

Joshua 9:3-27

     4552   wood
     6701   peace, search for

Joshua 9:15-20

     8252   faithfulness, relationships

Joshua 9:18-20

     1346   covenants, nature of

Library
Of a Good Government in External Things, and of Having Recourse to God in Dangers
"My Son, for this thou must diligently make thy endeavour, that in every place and outward action or occupation thou mayest be free within, and have power over thyself; and that all things be under thee, not thou under them; that thou be master and ruler of thy actions, not a slave or hireling, but rather a free and true Hebrew, entering into the lot and the liberty of the children of God, who stand above the present and look upon the eternal, who with the left eye behold things transitory, and with
Thomas A Kempis—Imitation of Christ

Letters of St. Bernard
I To Malachy. 1141.[924] (Epistle 341.) To the venerable lord and most blessed father, Malachy, by the grace of God archbishop of the Irish, legate of the Apostolic See, Brother Bernard called to be abbot of Clairvaux, [desiring] to find grace with the Lord. 1. Amid the manifold anxieties and cares of my heart,[925] by the multitude of which my soul is sore vexed,[926] the brothers coming from a far country[927] that they may serve the Lord,[928] thy letter, and thy staff, they comfort
H. J. Lawlor—St. Bernard of Clairvaux's Life of St. Malachy of Armagh

Conflicts with Giant Mistake
CONFLICTS WITH GIANT MISTAKE I make so many mistakes, it seems I am just a bundle of contradictions. I try to do good; but at times my efforts are so crude that I seem to do more harm than good. What shall I do? And though all the time I try hard not to make mistakes, yet I still make them. It seems to me that surely I am not sanctified, or else I should be more perfect. Do not the Scriptures command us to be perfect even as our Father in heaven is perfect? I am not perfect; far from it. Really I
Robert Lee Berry—Adventures in the Land of Canaan

Being Made Archbishop of Armagh, He Suffers Many Troubles. Peace Being Made, from Being Archbishop of Armagh He Becomes Bishop of Down.
[Sidenote: 1129] 19. (12). Meanwhile[365] it happened that Archbishop Cellach[366] fell sick: he it was who ordained Malachy deacon, presbyter and bishop: and knowing that he was dying he made a sort of testament[367] to the effect that Malachy ought to succeed him,[368] because none seemed worthier to be bishop of the first see. This he gave in charge to those who were present, this he commanded to the absent, this to the two kings of Munster[369] and to the magnates of the land he specially enjoined
H. J. Lawlor—St. Bernard of Clairvaux's Life of St. Malachy of Armagh

Joshua
The book of Joshua is the natural complement of the Pentateuch. Moses is dead, but the people are on the verge of the promised land, and the story of early Israel would be incomplete, did it not record the conquest of that land and her establishment upon it. The divine purpose moves restlessly on, until it is accomplished; so "after the death of Moses, Jehovah spake to Joshua," i. 1. The book falls naturally into three divisions: (a) the conquest of Canaan (i.-xii.), (b) the settlement of the
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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