Joshua 21:32

And from the tribe of Naphtali they were given Kedesh in Galilee (a city of refuge for the manslayer), Hammoth-dor, and Kartan--three cities, together with their pasturelands.

Study Bible

And from the tribe of Naphtali
The tribe of Naphtali was one of the twelve tribes of Israel, descended from Naphtali, the sixth son of Jacob and the second son of Bilhah, Rachel's maidservant. This tribe settled in the northern part of Canaan, an area known for its fertile land and strategic location. The allocation of cities to the Levites from Naphtali's territory reflects the tribe's role in supporting the religious and spiritual life of Israel.

they were given Kedesh in Galilee
Kedesh was a significant city in the region of Galilee, which later became a central area in Jesus' ministry. The name "Kedesh" means "holy" or "sacred," indicating its importance. It was strategically located and served as a Levitical city, providing a place for the Levites to live and serve. Galilee's mention here foreshadows its future prominence in the New Testament.

(a city of refuge for the manslayer)
Cities of refuge were established to provide asylum for individuals who committed unintentional manslaughter. This system reflects God's justice and mercy, ensuring protection for those who accidentally caused death, while awaiting a fair trial. The concept of refuge is a type of Christ, who offers spiritual refuge and salvation to all who seek Him.

Hammoth-dor
Hammoth-dor, also known as Hammath, was another city allocated to the Levites. Its name suggests the presence of hot springs, which were common in the region. The city's inclusion in the Levitical cities highlights the distribution of religious responsibilities across Israel, ensuring that the Levites were present throughout the land to teach and guide the people.

and Kartan
Kartan, though less prominent in biblical records, was part of the Levitical cities given to the tribe of Naphtali. Its mention underscores the comprehensive nature of the Levitical distribution, ensuring that every tribe contributed to the spiritual leadership of the nation.

three cities, together with their pasturelands
The allocation of pasturelands with these cities was essential for the Levites, who did not receive a tribal inheritance of land like the other tribes. These lands provided for their livestock and sustenance, allowing them to focus on their religious duties. This provision reflects God's care for those dedicated to His service, ensuring they had the necessary resources to fulfill their roles.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Tribe of Naphtali
One of the twelve tribes of Israel, descended from Naphtali, the son of Jacob and Bilhah. This tribe was allocated land in the northern part of Canaan.

2. Kedesh in Galilee
A city designated as a city of refuge, where individuals who committed manslaughter could seek asylum. It was located in the region of Galilee, which later became significant in the New Testament as the area where Jesus conducted much of His ministry.

3. City of Refuge
A city where someone who had accidentally killed another could flee to avoid revenge from the victim's family. This system was established by God to ensure justice and mercy.

4. Hammoth-dor
Another city given to the Levites, located in the territory of Naphtali. Its exact historical significance is less documented, but it was part of the Levitical cities.

5. Kartan
A city in the territory of Naphtali, also given to the Levites. Like Hammoth-dor, it was part of the provision for the Levites.

Teaching Points

God's Provision for Justice and Mercy
The cities of refuge demonstrate God's balance of justice and mercy, providing a way for the innocent to be protected while ensuring that justice is served. This reflects God's character and His desire for His people to live justly.

The Role of the Levites
The allocation of cities to the Levites, including those of refuge, underscores the importance of spiritual leadership and the provision for those who serve God. It reminds us of the need to support and uphold those in ministry.

Spiritual Refuge in Christ
Just as the cities of refuge provided safety for the manslayer, Christ offers spiritual refuge for sinners. Believers can find safety and forgiveness in Him, highlighting the gospel's message of grace.

Community Responsibility
The establishment of these cities required the cooperation and support of the entire community, illustrating the importance of communal responsibility and care for one another.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the concept of a city of refuge reflect God's character, and how can we apply this understanding to our lives today?

2. In what ways can the church today serve as a "city of refuge" for those seeking spiritual safety and support?

3. How does the allocation of cities to the Levites inform our understanding of the role of spiritual leaders in our communities?

4. What parallels can we draw between the cities of refuge and the refuge we find in Christ, as described in Hebrews 6:18?

5. How can we, as individuals and as a community, ensure that we are upholding justice and mercy in our interactions with others?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Numbers 35
This chapter outlines the establishment of cities of refuge, providing context for their purpose and function within Israelite society.

Deuteronomy 19
Further instructions on the cities of refuge, emphasizing the importance of justice and the protection of the innocent.

Hebrews 6:18
This New Testament passage uses the concept of refuge to illustrate the hope and security found in Christ, drawing a spiritual parallel to the physical refuge provided by these cities.