Isaiah 23:3

On the great waters came the grain of Shihor; the harvest of the Nile was the revenue of Tyre; she was the merchant of the nations.

Study Bible

On the great waters came the grain of Shihor;
This phrase refers to the trade routes over the Mediterranean Sea, which were vital for commerce in the ancient Near East. "Shihor" is often identified with the eastern branch of the Nile River, indicating the region of Egypt. The grain from Shihor symbolizes the agricultural wealth of Egypt, a major supplier of grain in the ancient world. The "great waters" highlight the importance of maritime trade routes that connected various civilizations. This trade was crucial for the prosperity of cities like Tyre, which relied on importing goods to maintain its economic power.

the harvest of the Nile was the revenue of Tyre;
The Nile River was the lifeblood of Egypt, providing fertile soil and abundant harvests. The phrase underscores the economic interdependence between Egypt and Tyre. Tyre, a prominent Phoenician city, was known for its extensive trade networks and served as a hub for distributing Egyptian grain to other regions. This relationship illustrates the interconnectedness of ancient economies and the reliance of Tyre on foreign resources for its wealth. The mention of "revenue" indicates the significant profit Tyre gained from this trade, emphasizing its role as a major commercial center.

she was the merchant of the nations.
Tyre's identity as "the merchant of the nations" highlights its status as a leading trading power in the ancient world. The city was renowned for its skilled merchants and extensive trade networks that spanned the Mediterranean and beyond. Tyre's influence extended through its colonies and trade partnerships, making it a central player in the exchange of goods, culture, and ideas. This phrase also reflects the broader biblical theme of the rise and fall of powerful nations, as Tyre's wealth and influence were ultimately subject to divine judgment. The city's role as a merchant can be seen as a type of the worldly systems that prioritize material wealth over spiritual values, contrasting with the eternal kingdom of God.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Tyre
An ancient Phoenician city known for its wealth and trade. It was a significant maritime power and a hub for commerce in the ancient world.

2. Shihor
Often identified with the Nile River or a branch of it, representing the source of agricultural abundance and trade goods.

3. Nile
The major river in Egypt, symbolizing fertility and economic prosperity due to its annual flooding, which enriched the soil for agriculture.

4. Marketplace of the Nations
Refers to Tyre's role as a central trading hub where goods from various regions were exchanged.

Teaching Points

The Transience of Earthly Wealth
Tyre's wealth and status as a marketplace remind us that material prosperity is temporary. We should focus on storing treasures in heaven rather than on earth.

God's Sovereignty Over Nations
The rise and fall of Tyre illustrate God's control over nations and economies. We should trust in God's plan and timing, even when worldly powers seem dominant.

The Importance of Righteous Stewardship
Just as the grain of the Nile was a source of revenue, we are called to be good stewards of the resources God provides, using them for His glory and the benefit of others.

The Dangers of Pride and Self-Sufficiency
Tyre's downfall serves as a warning against pride and reliance on human achievements. We must remain humble and dependent on God.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the description of Tyre as the "marketplace of the nations" reflect its role in the ancient world, and what can we learn about the influence of commerce today?

2. In what ways does the imagery of the Nile's harvest in Isaiah 23:3 remind us of God's provision, and how can we apply this understanding to our daily lives?

3. How does the fall of Tyre serve as a warning against the dangers of pride and self-reliance, and what other biblical examples illustrate this principle?

4. What parallels can we draw between the economic power of Tyre and modern-day economic systems, and how should Christians navigate these systems with integrity?

5. How can we apply the lessons from Tyre's account to ensure that our personal and communal resources are used in ways that honor God and serve His purposes?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Ezekiel 27
This chapter provides a detailed lament over Tyre, describing its extensive trade network and the wealth it accumulated through commerce.

Revelation 18
The fall of Babylon is depicted with imagery similar to the fall of Tyre, emphasizing the transient nature of wealth and human pride.

Genesis 41
Joseph's management of Egypt's grain during the famine highlights the importance of the Nile's harvest and its impact on surrounding regions.