Genesis 34:2

When Shechem son of Hamor the Hivite, the prince of the region, saw her, he took her and lay with her by force.

Study Bible

When Shechem son of Hamor the Hivite, the prince of the region,
Shechem is identified as the son of Hamor, a Hivite, which places him within the Canaanite tribes inhabiting the land during the time of the patriarchs. The Hivites were one of the groups that Israel would later encounter during the conquest of Canaan. Shechem's position as "the prince of the region" indicates his significant social and political status, suggesting that his actions would have had considerable implications for the surrounding community. This setting in the land of Canaan is crucial, as it highlights the cultural and moral differences between the Canaanites and the family of Jacob, who were called to be set apart.

saw her,
The act of seeing in biblical narratives often precedes a significant action or decision. In this context, Shechem's seeing Dinah can be compared to other instances in Scripture where seeing leads to desire and subsequent sin, such as Eve seeing the forbidden fruit or David seeing Bathsheba. This phrase sets the stage for the unfolding events, emphasizing the initial moment of temptation and desire.

he took her
The phrase "he took her" implies an act of forceful possession, which is consistent with the cultural practices of the time where women had limited autonomy and were often treated as property. This action reflects the patriarchal society in which the narrative is set, where men of power could exert their will over others, particularly women, without immediate consequence. It also foreshadows the later laws given to Israel, which would seek to protect the vulnerable and uphold justice.

and lay with her by force.
This phrase explicitly describes the act of sexual violence committed against Dinah. The use of force indicates a violation of her person and dignity, highlighting the grave sin committed by Shechem. This act of defilement is significant within the biblical narrative, as it not only affects Dinah but also sets off a chain of events leading to the violent retaliation by her brothers, Simeon and Levi. The incident underscores the themes of justice and retribution found throughout Scripture. It also serves as a stark contrast to the biblical ideal of consensual and covenantal relationships, as exemplified in the marriage of Adam and Eve or the love between Christ and the Church.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Shechem
- The son of Hamor the Hivite, a prince of the land. He is the central figure in this verse, committing a grievous act against Dinah.

2. Dinah
- The daughter of Jacob and Leah, who is the victim in this account. Her experience sets off a series of events that impact her family and the surrounding community.

3. Hamor the Hivite
- The father of Shechem and a leader in the region. His role becomes more prominent as the chapter unfolds.

4. Jacob
- The patriarch of the family, whose daughter Dinah is involved in this incident. His response and leadership are critical in the subsequent events.

5. The Land of Canaan
- The setting for this event, a region inhabited by various tribes, including the Hivites.

Teaching Points

The Sanctity of Human Dignity
This passage underscores the importance of respecting the dignity and worth of every individual. Shechem's actions are a violation of Dinah's personhood, reminding us of the need to uphold the sanctity of human life and relationships.

The Consequences of Sin
Shechem's sin sets off a chain reaction of events that lead to further sin and violence. This teaches us that sin often has far-reaching consequences, affecting not just the individual but entire communities.

The Role of Family and Community
The response of Dinah's family highlights the role of family and community in addressing injustice. It challenges us to consider how we support and protect those who are vulnerable among us.

Justice and Mercy
While the account focuses on justice, it also invites reflection on the balance between justice and mercy. How do we seek justice while also extending grace and forgiveness?

Cultural and Moral Integrity
The account challenges believers to maintain moral integrity in a culture that may not share the same values. It calls for discernment and courage in standing for what is right.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the account of Dinah and Shechem challenge our understanding of justice and mercy in today's context?

2. In what ways can we, as a community, better protect and support those who are vulnerable to exploitation or harm?

3. How do the actions of Shechem and the response of Dinah's family reflect the broader themes of sin and redemption in the Bible?

4. What lessons can we learn from this passage about maintaining moral integrity in a culture that may not align with biblical values?

5. How can we apply the principles of justice and mercy from this account to situations we encounter in our own lives and communities?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 34:7
- This verse highlights the reaction of Dinah's brothers, emphasizing the gravity of Shechem's act and its impact on the family.

Deuteronomy 22:25-27
- These verses provide laws concerning similar situations, reflecting the seriousness of such acts in the eyes of God and the community.

2 Samuel 13:1-22
- The account of Amnon and Tamar parallels this account, showing the recurring theme of sexual violence and its consequences within families in the Bible.

Exodus 22:16-17
- These laws address the consequences and responsibilities when a man seduces a virgin, offering a legal perspective on such matters.