Genesis 16:15

And Hagar bore Abram a son, and Abram gave the name Ishmael to the son she had borne.

Study Bible

And Hagar bore Abram a son
Hagar, an Egyptian maidservant of Sarai, becomes the mother of Abram's first son. This event follows Sarai's decision to give Hagar to Abram as a wife due to her own barrenness (Genesis 16:1-3). The birth of Hagar's son marks a significant moment in biblical history, as it introduces Ishmael, the forefather of many Arab nations. The cultural practice of a maidservant bearing a child on behalf of her mistress was not uncommon in the ancient Near East, reflecting the societal norms and familial structures of the time.

and Abram gave the name Ishmael
The name Ishmael means "God hears," signifying God's response to Hagar's affliction and distress (Genesis 16:11). This naming by Abram indicates his acceptance and recognition of the child as his own, despite the unconventional circumstances of his birth. The act of naming also reflects the patriarchal authority Abram holds within his family. Ishmael's name is a testament to God's providence and involvement in the lives of Abram and Hagar, as well as a foreshadowing of Ishmael's future as a significant figure in biblical history.

to the son she had borne
This phrase emphasizes Hagar's role as the biological mother of Ishmael, highlighting the fulfillment of the angel of the Lord's prophecy to her (Genesis 16:10-11). The acknowledgment of Hagar's motherhood is crucial, as it establishes Ishmael's lineage and his connection to Abram. The birth of Ishmael sets the stage for future tensions between his descendants and those of Isaac, Abram's son with Sarai, which are explored in later biblical narratives. This moment also underscores the complexity of God's promises to Abram, as Ishmael's birth precedes the covenantal promise of Isaac.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Hagar
An Egyptian maidservant of Sarai (later Sarah), who becomes the mother of Abram's first son, Ishmael. Her account highlights themes of faith, obedience, and God's provision.

2. Abram
Later known as Abraham, he is a central figure in the Bible, known for his faith and obedience to God. In this passage, he becomes the father of Ishmael through Hagar.

3. Ishmael
The first son of Abram, born to Hagar. His name means "God hears," reflecting God's response to Hagar's affliction.

4. Sarai/Sarah
Although not directly mentioned in this verse, she is Abram's wife and plays a crucial role in the events leading up to Ishmael's birth.

5. The Birth of Ishmael
This event marks a significant moment in biblical history, as Ishmael becomes the ancestor of many nations, fulfilling part of God's promise to Abram.

Teaching Points

God's Sovereignty and Faithfulness
Despite human attempts to fulfill God's promises through their own means, God's plans prevail. Ishmael's birth is a testament to God's faithfulness in hearing and responding to human needs.

The Consequences of Impatience
Abram and Sarai's decision to have a child through Hagar reflects a lack of patience and trust in God's timing. This serves as a reminder to wait on God's promises.

God's Compassion and Care
The naming of Ishmael, meaning "God hears," emphasizes God's compassion and attentiveness to those in distress, encouraging believers to trust in His care.

The Complexity of Human Relationships
The dynamics between Abram, Sarai, and Hagar illustrate the complexities and challenges in human relationships, urging believers to seek God's guidance in resolving conflicts.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the account of Hagar and Ishmael challenge us to trust in God's timing rather than taking matters into our own hands?

2. In what ways does the birth of Ishmael demonstrate God's faithfulness, even when human actions complicate His plans?

3. How can we apply the lesson of God's compassion, as seen in His response to Hagar, to our own lives and interactions with others?

4. What are some modern-day situations where believers might struggle with impatience, and how can they find encouragement in this passage?

5. How does the account of Hagar and Ishmael connect to the broader account of God's covenant with Abraham and the eventual birth of Isaac?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 17
God reaffirms His covenant with Abram, changing his name to Abraham and promising that he will be the father of many nations, including through Ishmael.

Genesis 21
The birth of Isaac, Abram's son with Sarah, and the subsequent tension between Sarah and Hagar, leading to Hagar and Ishmael's departure.

Galatians 4
Paul uses the account of Hagar and Sarah to illustrate the difference between living under the law and living under the promise of grace.