Ezekiel 27:23
Haran, Canneh, and Eden traded with you, and so did the merchants of Sheba, Asshur, and Chilmad.
Haran, Canneh, and Eden traded with you
Haran: Haran was an ancient city located in what is now southeastern Turkey. It is historically significant as the place where Abraham's family settled after leaving Ur (Genesis 11:31). Haran was a major trade center due to its strategic location on trade routes connecting Mesopotamia with the Mediterranean. This reference highlights the extensive trade network of Tyre, emphasizing its economic power and influence.

Canneh: Canneh is less well-known, but it is believed to be a city in Mesopotamia, possibly connected to Calneh mentioned in Genesis 10:10. This city was part of Nimrod's kingdom, indicating its ancient roots and significance in trade and commerce. The mention of Canneh underscores the wide-ranging connections Tyre had with various regions.

Eden: This is not the Garden of Eden but likely refers to a region or trading center in Mesopotamia. Some scholars associate it with the "Beth-Eden" mentioned in Amos 1:5, which was a part of the Aramean kingdom. The inclusion of Eden in this list suggests the wealth and variety of goods that flowed into Tyre from distant lands.

and so did the merchants of Sheba, Asshur, and Chilmad
Sheba: Sheba is often associated with the Sabaeans, a wealthy kingdom in what is now Yemen. Known for their trade in spices, gold, and precious stones, the Sabaeans are famously connected to the Queen of Sheba, who visited King Solomon (1 Kings 10:1-13). This reference highlights the luxury goods that were part of Tyre's trade.

Asshur: Asshur was the capital of the Assyrian Empire, located in modern-day Iraq. The Assyrians were known for their military prowess and extensive trade networks. Their inclusion here indicates the political and economic interactions between Tyre and the powerful empires of the time.

Chilmad: Chilmad is a location that remains somewhat obscure, with limited historical records. Some suggest it may have been a trading post or region in Mesopotamia. Its mention alongside more prominent cities and regions suggests that even lesser-known places contributed to Tyre's vast trade network.

This verse collectively illustrates the extensive and diverse trade relationships that Tyre maintained, showcasing its role as a central hub in the ancient world. The cities and regions mentioned reflect a network that spanned from the Arabian Peninsula to Mesopotamia, highlighting Tyre's economic strength and the interconnectedness of ancient civilizations.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Haran
An ancient city located in Mesopotamia, known for its trade routes and historical significance in the Bible, including being a place where Abraham sojourned.

2. Canneh
Likely a trading city or region, though its exact historical location is uncertain. It is mentioned in the context of trade, indicating its economic importance.

3. Eden
While often associated with the Garden of Eden, in this context, it likely refers to a region or trading partner known for its wealth and resources.

4. Merchants of Sheba
Refers to traders from the region of Sheba, known for their wealth and luxury goods, such as spices and gold.

5. Asshur and Chilmad
Asshur is a reference to the Assyrian Empire, a dominant power known for its military and economic strength. Chilmad is less well-known but is included among significant trading partners.
Teaching Points
The Importance of Trade and Economy
The passage highlights the interconnectedness of ancient economies and the role of trade in societal development. Christians can reflect on the importance of ethical business practices and stewardship in today's global economy.

God's Sovereignty Over Nations
The inclusion of various nations and cities in Ezekiel's prophecy underscores God's control over all nations. Believers are reminded to trust in God's sovereignty over world events and political powers.

The Transience of Earthly Wealth
The trading partners of Tyre, though wealthy and powerful, are ultimately subject to God's judgment. This serves as a reminder to prioritize spiritual wealth over material possessions.

Cultural and Historical Context in Scripture
Understanding the historical and cultural background of biblical texts enriches our comprehension and application of Scripture. Christians are encouraged to study the Bible with an awareness of its historical context.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the mention of these specific trading partners in Ezekiel 27:23 enhance our understanding of Tyre's economic power and influence?

2. In what ways can the historical significance of Haran and Sheba inform our understanding of biblical accounts and God's unfolding plan?

3. How does the concept of God's sovereignty over nations, as seen in Ezekiel and other scriptures, impact our view of current global events?

4. What lessons can we learn from the transient nature of Tyre's wealth and power, and how can we apply these lessons to our own lives?

5. How can studying the cultural and historical context of biblical passages deepen our relationship with God and our understanding of His Word?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Genesis 11:31
Haran is mentioned as a place where Terah, Abraham's father, settled. This connection highlights Haran's historical and geographical significance.

1 Kings 10:1-2
The Queen of Sheba's visit to Solomon illustrates the wealth and trade connections of Sheba, emphasizing the economic ties mentioned in Ezekiel.

Isaiah 10:5-19
Asshur (Assyria) is depicted as a tool of God's judgment, showing the dual role of these nations as both economic partners and instruments in God's plans.
The Beauty, Glory, and Replenishment of the City of TyreJ.R. Thomson Ezekiel 27:1-25
A Celebration of Remarkable ProsperityW. Jones Ezekiel 27:1-36
A Proud CityW. Greenhill, M. A.Ezekiel 27:1-36
God's Observation of Our Business HoursEzekiel 27:1-36
Responsibility of City RulersT. De Witt Talmage.Ezekiel 27:1-36
The Fate of TyreJ. Parker, D. D.Ezekiel 27:1-36
The Position of Tyre on Land and SeaT. De Witt Talmage.Ezekiel 27:1-36
The Sin of TyreJohn Skinner, M. A.Ezekiel 27:1-36
Wreck of a Stately ShipJ.D. Davies Ezekiel 27:1-36
Great Fairs UniversalT. De Witt Talmage.Ezekiel 27:12-23
Home Industries to be EncouragedEzekiel 27:12-23
The Fairs of TyreT. De Witt Talmage.Ezekiel 27:12-23
A Picture of Extensive Commercial RelationsW. Jones Ezekiel 27:12-25
People
Aram, Ashurites, Dan, Dedan, Elishah, Ezekiel, Haran, Javan, Kedar, Kittim, Kittites, Lud, Lydia, Meshech, Phut, Tarshish, Togarmah, Tubal, Uzal, Zidon
Places
Arabia, Arvad, Asshur, Bashan, Canneh, Chilmad, Cyprus, Damascus, Dedan, Egypt, Elishah, Gamad, Gebal, Haran, Helbon, Helech, Javan, Kedar, Lebanon, Lud, Meshech, Minnith, Persia, Put, Sahar, Senir, Sheba, Sidon, Syria, Tarshish, Tigris-Euphrates Region, Tubal, Tyre, Uzal
Topics
Apprentice, Asshur, Canneh, Chilmad, Eden, Haran, Kilmad, Medes, Merchants, Sheba, Traded, Traders, Traffic, Traffickers
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Ezekiel 27:1-25

     5407   merchants

Ezekiel 27:1-36

     5587   trade

Ezekiel 27:2-36

     5899   lament

Library
Third Circuit of Galilee. The Twelve Instructed and Sent Forth.
^A Matt. IX. 35-38; X. 1, 5-42; XI. 1; ^B Mark VI. 6-13; ^C Luke IX. 1-6. ^b 6 And he ^a Jesus ^b went about ^a all the cities and villages, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing all manner sickness and all manner of sickness. [In the first circuit of Galilee some of the twelve accompanied Jesus as disciples (see [3]Section XXXIII.); in the second the twelve were with him as apostles; in the third they, too, are sent forth as evangelists to supplement
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Humility is the Root of Charity, and Meekness the Fruit of Both. ...
Humility is the root of charity, and meekness the fruit of both. There is no solid and pure ground of love to others, except the rubbish of self-love be first cast out of the soul; and when that superfluity of naughtiness is cast out, then charity hath a solid and deep foundation: "The end of the command is charity out of a pure heart," 1 Tim. i. 5. It is only such a purified heart, cleansed from that poison and contagion of pride and self-estimation, that can send out such a sweet and wholesome
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

Second Great Group of Parables.
(Probably in Peræa.) Subdivision F. Parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus. ^C Luke XVI. 19-31. [The parable we are about to study is a direct advance upon the thoughts in the previous section. We may say generally that if the parable of the unjust steward teaches how riches are to be used, this parable sets forth the terrible consequences of a failure to so use them. Each point of the previous discourse is covered in detail, as will be shown by the references in the discussion of the parable.]
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Ezekiel
To a modern taste, Ezekiel does not appeal anything like so powerfully as Isaiah or Jeremiah. He has neither the majesty of the one nor the tenderness and passion of the other. There is much in him that is fantastic, and much that is ritualistic. His imaginations border sometimes on the grotesque and sometimes on the mechanical. Yet he is a historical figure of the first importance; it was very largely from him that Judaism received the ecclesiastical impulse by which for centuries it was powerfully
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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