Esther 1:10

On the seventh day, when the king's heart was merry with wine, he ordered the seven eunuchs who served him--Mehuman, Biztha, Harbona, Bigtha, Abagtha, Zethar, and Carkas--

Study Bible

On the seventh day
The seventh day marks the culmination of a week-long feast hosted by King Ahasuerus (Xerxes I) for his officials and servants. The number seven often signifies completeness or perfection in the Bible, seen in the creation week in Genesis. This day signifies the peak of the king's celebration, highlighting the excess and opulence of the Persian court.

when the king’s heart was merry with wine
The phrase indicates that King Ahasuerus was under the influence of alcohol, which often led to poor decision-making, as seen in other biblical narratives (e.g., Noah in Genesis 9:21). This sets the stage for the impulsive and unwise command that follows, reflecting the dangers of intemperance.

he ordered the seven eunuchs who served him
Eunuchs were trusted officials in ancient royal courts, often serving in intimate and confidential roles due to their inability to produce heirs. The number seven again suggests completeness, indicating the full complement of the king's trusted servants. Eunuchs are mentioned throughout the Bible, such as in the story of Daniel, who was likely made a eunuch in Babylon (Daniel 1:3-7).

Mehuman, Biztha, Harbona, Bigtha, Abagtha, Zethar, and Carkas
These names reflect the Persian context of the narrative, with each eunuch likely having specific roles within the court. Harbona is later mentioned in Esther 7:9, where he plays a role in Haman's downfall, showing the interconnectedness of the narrative. The listing of names emphasizes the historical and cultural setting of the Persian Empire, providing authenticity to the account.

Persons / Places / Events

1. King Xerxes (Ahasuerus)
The Persian king who ruled over 127 provinces from India to Cush. Known for his opulence and power, he is a central figure in the Book of Esther.

2. The Seven Eunuchs
Mehuman, Biztha, Harbona, Bigtha, Abagtha, Zethar, and Carcas were trusted servants of King Xerxes, tasked with carrying out his commands.

3. The Banquet
This event took place during a lavish banquet hosted by King Xerxes, showcasing his wealth and power. It was a time of feasting and revelry.

4. The Seventh Day
The specific day of the banquet when King Xerxes, influenced by wine, made a significant decision that would set the stage for the events that follow in the Book of Esther.

5. Susa (Shushan)
The capital of the Persian Empire where these events took place, highlighting the grandeur and political significance of the setting.

Teaching Points

The Influence of Intoxication
Intoxication can impair judgment and lead to decisions that have far-reaching consequences. Believers are called to exercise self-control and wisdom.

The Role of Servants
The eunuchs' role in executing the king's commands reminds us of the importance of serving faithfully, even in secular or challenging environments.

The Impact of Leadership Decisions
Leaders' decisions, especially those made under the influence, can affect many lives. It is crucial for leaders to seek God's guidance and wisdom.

The Setting of God's Providence
Even in a pagan setting, God is at work. The events in Esther demonstrate His sovereignty and ability to use any situation for His purposes.

The Importance of Timing
The seventh day marks a turning point in the account. God's timing is perfect, and His plans unfold according to His divine schedule.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does King Xerxes' decision-making process in Esther 1:10 reflect the warnings found in Proverbs 20:1?

2. In what ways can we ensure that our decisions are guided by the Holy Spirit, as encouraged in Ephesians 5:18, rather than by external influences?

3. How can the role of the eunuchs in Esther 1:10 inspire us to serve faithfully in our own contexts, even when we may not fully agree with those in authority?

4. What lessons can we learn from the setting of Susa about God's ability to work in and through secular environments?

5. How does the concept of God's perfect timing, as seen in the unfolding events of Esther, encourage us to trust in His plans for our lives?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Proverbs 20:1
This verse warns about the dangers of wine and strong drink, which can lead to unwise decisions, as seen in King Xerxes' actions.

Daniel 1:8
Daniel's resolve not to defile himself with the king's food and wine contrasts with Xerxes' indulgence, highlighting the importance of self-control and discernment.

Ephesians 5:18
This New Testament verse advises believers to be filled with the Spirit rather than being drunk with wine, emphasizing a life led by godly wisdom.