Deuteronomy 21:20

and say to the elders, "This son of ours is stubborn and rebellious; he does not obey us. He is a glutton and a drunkard."

Study Bible

They shall say to the elders
In ancient Israelite society, the elders held positions of authority and were responsible for maintaining order and justice within the community. The Hebrew word for "elders" is "זְקֵנִים" (zeqenim), which refers to those who are mature in age and wisdom. This phrase indicates a formal process of bringing a matter before the community leaders, emphasizing the importance of communal involvement in addressing serious family issues. It reflects the biblical principle of accountability and the role of community in upholding God's laws.

This son of ours
The phrase "this son of ours" personalizes the issue, highlighting the familial relationship and the deep sense of disappointment and responsibility felt by the parents. In Hebrew culture, family was central to identity and social structure. The use of "ours" underscores the collective nature of family honor and the shared burden of a child's behavior. It also reflects the biblical theme of parental authority and the expectation of children to honor their parents, as outlined in the Ten Commandments.

is stubborn and rebellious
The Hebrew words for "stubborn" (סוֹרֵר, sorer) and "rebellious" (מוֹרֶה, moreh) convey a sense of persistent defiance and refusal to submit to authority. This description goes beyond occasional disobedience, indicating a pattern of behavior that disrupts family and societal harmony. In the biblical context, rebellion against parental authority was seen as a serious offense, as it mirrored rebellion against God. This phrase serves as a warning about the spiritual and social consequences of unchecked defiance.

he does not obey us
Obedience to parents is a fundamental biblical principle, rooted in the commandment to "honor your father and your mother" (Exodus 20:12). The Hebrew verb "שָׁמַע" (shama) means "to hear" or "to listen," implying not just auditory reception but active compliance. This phrase highlights the breakdown of communication and respect within the family unit, which was considered a grave matter in Israelite society. It underscores the importance of obedience as a reflection of one's relationship with God.

He is a glutton and a drunkard
The terms "glutton" (זוֹלֵל, zolel) and "drunkard" (סֹבֵא, sobe) describe a lifestyle of excess and lack of self-control. In the ancient Near Eastern context, such behavior was not only personally destructive but also brought shame upon the family and community. Gluttony and drunkenness are often associated with moral decay and spiritual waywardness in the Bible. This phrase serves as a caution against indulgence and the importance of self-discipline, aligning with the biblical call to live a life of moderation and holiness.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Parents
The mother and father who bring their son to the elders. They represent authority and responsibility in the family unit.

2. Son
The individual described as stubborn, rebellious, a glutton, and a drunkard. He symbolizes disobedience and moral failure.

3. Elders
The leaders of the city who are responsible for maintaining order and justice. They act as judges in this situation.

4. City Gate
The location where the elders sit and where legal matters are addressed. It is a place of authority and decision-making.

5. Israelite Community
The broader context in which these laws are given, emphasizing communal responsibility and holiness.

Teaching Points

The Importance of Parental Authority
Parents are given authority by God to guide and discipline their children. This passage underscores the seriousness of parental responsibility in shaping a child's character.

Consequences of Rebellion
Rebellion against parental authority is seen as a grave sin with serious consequences. This reflects the broader biblical theme that rebellion against God leads to judgment.

Community Responsibility
The involvement of the elders and the community highlights the collective responsibility in maintaining moral and social order. It reminds us of the importance of accountability within the church.

The Role of Discipline
Discipline is a necessary part of love and guidance. While the Old Testament law is severe, it points to the need for correction and the dangers of unchecked sin.

Grace and Redemption
While the law in Deuteronomy is strict, the New Testament offers a message of grace and redemption through Christ. This balance is crucial in understanding God’s justice and mercy.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the role of parents in Deuteronomy 21:20 reflect the biblical view of family authority and responsibility?

2. In what ways does the community's involvement in this passage inform our understanding of accountability within the church today?

3. How can we reconcile the severe consequences for rebellion in the Old Testament with the message of grace found in the New Testament?

4. What practical steps can parents take today to address stubbornness and rebellion in a way that aligns with biblical principles?

5. How does the account of the Prodigal Son in Luke 15 provide a different perspective on dealing with a rebellious child, and what lessons can we learn from it?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Proverbs 13:24
This verse discusses the importance of discipline in child-rearing, connecting to the theme of parental responsibility.

Ephesians 6:1-3
Paul’s exhortation for children to obey their parents, highlighting the biblical principle of honoring one's father and mother.

1 Samuel 15:23
The rebellion of King Saul is likened to witchcraft, illustrating the seriousness of rebellion against God’s commands.

Luke 15:11-32
The Parable of the Prodigal Son offers a redemptive perspective on a rebellious son, contrasting with the legalistic approach in Deuteronomy.