1 Samuel 30:15
"Will you lead me to these raiders?" David asked. And the man replied, "Swear to me by God that you will not kill me or deliver me into the hand of my master, and I will lead you to them."
“Will you lead me to these raiders?” David asked.
David, having returned to Ziklag to find it destroyed by the Amalekites, seeks guidance to pursue and recover what was lost. This question reflects David's leadership and determination to protect his people. The Amalekites were long-standing enemies of Israel, first encountered in Exodus 17:8-16. David's inquiry shows his reliance on God's providence, as he had earlier sought the Lord's guidance in 1 Samuel 30:8. This pursuit is a continuation of the divine directive to recover all that was taken.

And the man replied, “Swear to me by God that you will not kill me or deliver me into the hand of my master,
The man in question is an Egyptian servant abandoned by the Amalekites. His request for an oath "by God" indicates a recognition of the power and authority of the God of Israel, even among foreigners. This reflects the cultural practice of swearing oaths as binding agreements, seen in Genesis 21:23-24 with Abraham and Abimelech. The servant's fear of being returned to his master highlights the harsh realities of servitude and the potential for severe punishment or death, common in ancient Near Eastern societies.

and I will lead you to them.”
The Egyptian servant's willingness to guide David to the Amalekite raiders in exchange for his life demonstrates the providential role he plays in David's mission. This mirrors other biblical instances where God uses unexpected individuals to fulfill His purposes, such as Rahab in Joshua 2. The servant's guidance is crucial for David's success, emphasizing themes of divine intervention and the fulfillment of God's promises, as seen in David's earlier assurance from God that he would "surely overtake them and succeed in the rescue" (1 Samuel 30:8).

Persons / Places / Events
1. David
The future king of Israel, who is seeking to recover his people and possessions after the Amalekites raided Ziklag.

2. The Egyptian Servant
A servant of an Amalekite, left for dead, who becomes a crucial informant for David.

3. The Amalekites
A nomadic tribe that raided Ziklag, taking captives and plundering the city.

4. Ziklag
The city given to David by the Philistine king Achish, which was attacked by the Amalekites.

5. The Raiding Party
The group of Amalekites responsible for the attack on Ziklag.
Teaching Points
Divine Providence in Unexpected Places
God often provides help from unexpected sources. The Egyptian servant, abandoned and weak, becomes a key to David's victory. We should remain open to God's provision in unexpected ways.

The Importance of Mercy and Compassion
David's decision to show mercy to the Egyptian servant, rather than dismissing him, highlights the importance of compassion. Our actions towards others can open doors for God's purposes to unfold.

Trusting God for Guidance
David's inquiry and reliance on God for direction remind us to seek God's guidance in our decisions. Trusting God involves both prayer and action based on His leading.

The Role of Oaths and Promises
The servant's request for an oath from David underscores the seriousness of promises. As believers, our word should be trustworthy, reflecting God's faithfulness.

God's Sovereignty Over Our Enemies
The account demonstrates God's control over circumstances and enemies. We can trust that God is sovereign over the challenges we face and will provide a way through them.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the account of the Egyptian servant illustrate God's provision in unexpected ways, and how can we apply this in our own lives?

2. In what ways does David's interaction with the Egyptian servant demonstrate the importance of mercy and compassion?

3. How can we seek and discern God's guidance in our daily decisions, as David did in this passage?

4. What does the servant's request for an oath teach us about the importance of keeping our promises?

5. How does this passage encourage us to trust in God's sovereignty over the challenges and "enemies" we face today?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Exodus 17:8-16
The Amalekites' initial attack on Israel, establishing them as persistent enemies.

1 Samuel 15
Saul's incomplete obedience in dealing with the Amalekites, setting the stage for their continued threat.

Psalm 18:17-19
David's reliance on God for deliverance from his enemies, reflecting his trust in God's guidance.

Proverbs 3:5-6
The call to trust in the Lord for direction, paralleling David's dependence on God for guidance in this situation.
David in Three SituationsC. Bradley, M. A.1 Samuel 30:1-31
An Egyptian SlaveB. Dale 1 Samuel 30:11-20
People
Abiathar, Abigail, Ahimelech, Ahinoam, Amalekites, Caleb, Cherethites, David, Eshtemoa, Jerahmeelites, Jezreel, Jezreelitess, Jizreelitess, Kenites, Kerethites, Nabal
Places
Besor, Bethel, Bor-ashan, Carmel, Egypt, Eshtemoa, Hebron, Hormah, Jattir, Negeb, Negev, Racal, Ramoth, Siphmoth, Ziklag
Topics
Band, Bring, Canst, Company, Conduct, David, Death, Deliver, Hands, Kill, Lead, Master, Oath, Party, Raiding, Shut, Swear, Troop, Wilt
Dictionary of Bible Themes
1 Samuel 30:15

     5913   negotiation

1 Samuel 30:11-16

     7266   tribes of Israel

Library
At the Front or the Base
'As his part is that goeth down to the battle, so shall his part be that tarrieth by the stuff.'--1 Samuel xxx. 24. David's city of Ziklag had been captured by the Amalekites, while he and all his men who could carry arms were absent, serving in the army of Achish, the Philistine king of Gath. On their return they found ruin, their homes harried, their wives, children, and property carried off. Wearied already with their long march, they set off at once in pursuit of the spoilers, who had had a
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

The Secret of Courage
'But David encouraged himself in the Lord his God.'--1 Samuel xxx. 6. David was at perhaps the very lowest ebb of his fortunes. He had long been a wandering outlaw, and had finally been driven, by Saul's persistent hostility, to take refuge in the Philistines' country. He had gathered around himself a band of desperate men, and was living very much like a freebooter. He had found refuge in a little city of the Philistines, far down in the South, from which he and his men had marched as a contingent
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

The Statute of David for the Sharing of the Spoil
THOSE WHO ASSOCIATE themselves with a leader must share his fortunes. Six hundred men had quitted their abodes in Judaea; unable to endure the tyranny of Saul they had linked themselves with David, and made him to be a captain over them. They were, some of them, the best of men, and some of them were the worst: in this, resembling our congregations. Some of them were choice spirits, whom David would have sought, but others were undesirable persons, from whom he might gladly have been free. However,
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 37: 1891

Thirdly, for Thy Actions.
1. Do no evil, though thou mightest; for God will not suffer the least sin, without bitter repentance, to escape unpunished. Leave not undone any good that thou canst. But do nothing without a calling, nor anything in thy calling, till thou hast first taken counsel at God's word (1 Sam. xxx. 8) of its lawfulness, and pray for his blessings upon thy endeavour; and then do it in the name of God, with cheerfulness of heart, committing the success to him, in whose power it is to bless with his grace
Lewis Bayly—The Practice of Piety

The Bright Dawn of a Reign
'And it came to pass after this, that David enquired of the Lord, saying, Shall I go up into any of the cities of Judah? And the Lord said unto him, Go up. And David said, Whither shall I go up? And He said, Unto Hebron. 2. So David went up thither, and his two wives also, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail, Nabal's wife, the Carmelite. 3. And his men that were with him did David bring up, every man with his household: and they dwelt in the cities of Hebron. 4. And the men of Judah came, and there
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

Canaan
Canaan was the inheritance which the Israelites won for themselves by the sword. Their ancestors had already settled in it in patriarchal days. Abraham "the Hebrew" from Babylonia had bought in it a burying-place near Hebron; Jacob had purchased a field near Shechem, where he could water his flocks from his own spring. It was the "Promised Land" to which the serfs of the Pharaoh in Goshen looked forward when they should again become free men and find a new home for themselves. Canaan had ever been
Archibald Sayce—Early Israel and the Surrounding Nations

Appendix 2 Extracts from the Babylon Talmud
Massecheth Berachoth, or Tractate on Benedictions [76] Mishnah--From what time is the "Shema" said in the evening? From the hour that the priests entered to eat of their therumah [77] until the end of the first night watch. [78] These are the words of Rabbi Eliezer. But the sages say: Till midnight. Rabban Gamaliel says: Until the column of the morning (the dawn) rises. It happened, that his sons came back from a banquet. They said to him: "We have not said the Shema.'" He said to them, "If the column
Alfred Edersheim—Sketches of Jewish Social Life

Samuel
Alike from the literary and the historical point of view, the book[1] of Samuel stands midway between the book of Judges and the book of Kings. As we have already seen, the Deuteronomic book of Judges in all probability ran into Samuel and ended in ch. xii.; while the story of David, begun in Samuel, embraces the first two chapters of the first book of Kings. The book of Samuel is not very happily named, as much of it is devoted to Saul and the greater part to David; yet it is not altogether inappropriate,
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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