1 Samuel 23:13

Then David and his men, about six hundred strong, set out and departed from Keilah, moving from place to place. When Saul was told that David had escaped from Keilah, he declined to go forth.

Study Bible

So David and his men
This phrase introduces us to David, the anointed future king of Israel, and his loyal followers. The Hebrew root for "David" (דָּוִד) means "beloved," reflecting his favored status by God despite his current fugitive state. His "men" are a band of warriors who have chosen to follow him, demonstrating loyalty and faith in God's promise to David. This group symbolizes the faithful remnant, those who stand by God's anointed even in times of trial.

about six hundred strong
The number "six hundred" is significant, indicating a substantial force, yet still small compared to Saul's army. This reflects the theme of God using the seemingly weak or small to accomplish His purposes, a recurring motif in Scripture. The Hebrew word for "strong" (חָזָק) implies not just physical strength but also courage and determination, qualities that David's men would need as they face the challenges of being fugitives.

arose and departed from Keilah
The action of "arose and departed" signifies obedience and readiness to follow God's guidance. Keilah, a city in Judah, had been saved by David from the Philistines, yet he must leave it to avoid Saul's pursuit. This departure underscores the transient nature of David's life at this time, always on the move, yet always under God's watchful eye. It also highlights the cost of leadership and the sacrifices required to follow God's will.

and moved from place to place
This phrase captures the nomadic existence of David and his men, reminiscent of the Israelites' wilderness wanderings. It suggests a life of uncertainty and dependence on God for direction and provision. The Hebrew concept here is one of continual movement, reflecting the spiritual journey of faith where believers must trust God even when the path is unclear.

When Saul was told that David had escaped from Keilah
Saul, the current king, is informed of David's escape, highlighting the ongoing conflict between Saul and David. The word "escaped" (נִמְלַט) in Hebrew conveys a sense of deliverance, suggesting God's providential hand in David's life. This escape is not just a physical act but a spiritual one, as God protects His chosen servant from harm.

he refrained from going forth
Saul's decision to "refrain" (חָדַל) from pursuing David at this moment indicates a temporary cessation of his relentless pursuit. This restraint can be seen as God's intervention, preventing Saul from capturing David. It serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty and His ability to thwart the plans of those who oppose His will. Saul's inability to capture David despite his efforts underscores the futility of opposing God's anointed.

Persons / Places / Events

1. David
The anointed future king of Israel, currently fleeing from King Saul. David is a central figure in this account, demonstrating leadership and reliance on God.

2. David's Men
Approximately six hundred men who are loyal to David, following him despite the dangers posed by Saul's pursuit.

3. Keilah
A city in Judah that David had previously saved from the Philistines. It becomes a temporary refuge for David and his men.

4. Saul
The current king of Israel, who is seeking to kill David out of jealousy and fear of losing his throne.

5. Escape from Keilah
The event where David, after seeking God's guidance, decides to leave Keilah to avoid being trapped by Saul.

Teaching Points

Seeking God's Guidance
David's decision to leave Keilah was based on divine guidance. We should prioritize seeking God's will in our decisions, especially in times of uncertainty.

Leadership and Responsibility
David's leadership is evident as he takes responsibility for the safety of his men. Effective leaders consider the well-being of those they lead.

Trust in God's Protection
Despite being pursued by Saul, David trusts in God's protection. Believers can find peace in knowing that God is our refuge and strength.

Adaptability in Adversity
David's ability to adapt and move from place to place teaches us the importance of flexibility and resilience in the face of challenges.

Community and Loyalty
The loyalty of David's men highlights the strength found in community and mutual support during difficult times.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does David's reliance on God's guidance in 1 Samuel 23:13 inspire you to seek divine direction in your own life decisions?

2. In what ways can you demonstrate leadership and responsibility in your current roles, as David did with his men?

3. Reflect on a time when you had to adapt to changing circumstances. How can David's example encourage you to trust in God's plan during such times?

4. How does the loyalty of David's men challenge you to build and maintain supportive relationships within your community?

5. Considering the connection to Psalm 54, how can you incorporate prayer and trust in God into your response to personal challenges or threats?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Psalm 54
This psalm is traditionally linked to David's time in the wilderness, reflecting his trust in God for deliverance from enemies.

1 Samuel 22:2
Describes the gathering of David's men, highlighting the growth of his following and the loyalty of those who were distressed, indebted, or discontented.

Proverbs 3:5-6
Encourages trust in the Lord and seeking His guidance, which David exemplifies by inquiring of God before making decisions.

Matthew 10:23
Jesus advises His disciples to flee persecution, similar to David's strategic withdrawal from Keilah to avoid Saul.