1 Samuel 22:20

But one of the sons of Ahimelech son of Ahitub escaped. His name was Abiathar, and he fled to David.

Study Bible

But one of the sons of Ahimelech son of Ahitub escaped.
This phrase highlights the survival of Abiathar, the sole escapee from the massacre at Nob, where King Saul ordered the killing of the priests. Ahimelech, the father of Abiathar, was the high priest, and his lineage traces back to Eli, the priest at Shiloh. This escape is significant as it preserves the priestly line, which plays a crucial role in Israel's religious leadership. The event underscores the tension between Saul and David, as Saul's actions against the priests were partly due to his paranoia about David. The survival of Abiathar is a pivotal moment, ensuring the continuation of the priestly ministry during David's rise to power.

His name was Abiathar,
Abiathar's name means "father of abundance" or "my father excels," which may reflect his future role and importance in David's reign. As the only surviving priest from the house of Ahimelech, Abiathar becomes a key religious figure, serving as high priest alongside Zadok during David's kingship. His presence in David's court symbolizes the divine approval and support for David's rule, contrasting with Saul's rejection by God. Abiathar's life and service are intertwined with the narrative of David, providing spiritual guidance and support during critical moments in David's life.

and he fled to David.
Abiathar's flight to David signifies a shift in allegiance from Saul to David, aligning the priestly authority with the anointed future king of Israel. This move is not only a practical decision for survival but also a theological statement, as David is seen as God's chosen leader. Abiathar's presence with David provides legitimacy and divine endorsement to David's claim to the throne. This alliance foreshadows the establishment of Jerusalem as the religious and political center of Israel under David's rule. Abiathar's role in David's court also prefigures the priestly support for Jesus Christ, the ultimate anointed King, who fulfills the Davidic covenant.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Abiathar
The son of Ahimelech, a priest who served at Nob. Abiathar is the sole survivor of a massacre ordered by King Saul, and he escapes to join David, becoming a significant figure in David's life and reign.

2. Ahimelech
The father of Abiathar and a priest at Nob. He is executed by Saul for assisting David, highlighting the tension between Saul and David.

3. David
The future king of Israel, who is at this time fleeing from Saul. David becomes a protector and ally to Abiathar, symbolizing God's provision and protection.

4. Nob
A city of priests where Ahimelech served. It becomes a site of tragedy when Saul orders the killing of its inhabitants, demonstrating the extent of Saul's paranoia and disobedience to God.

5. Saul
The first king of Israel, whose jealousy and fear of David lead him to commit grievous acts, including the massacre at Nob.

Teaching Points

God's Sovereignty and Protection
Despite the tragic events, Abiathar's escape to David shows God's hand in preserving a remnant for His purposes. Believers can trust in God's sovereignty even in dire circumstances.

The Consequences of Disobedience
Saul's actions are a direct result of his disobedience to God. This serves as a warning to remain faithful and obedient to God's commands.

The Role of the Priesthood
Abiathar's role as a priest with David highlights the importance of spiritual leadership and guidance. It reminds believers of the need for godly leaders who seek God's will.

The Importance of Refuge and Community
Abiathar finds refuge with David, illustrating the importance of seeking and providing support within the community of faith during times of trial.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Abiathar's escape to David demonstrate God's provision and protection in times of crisis?

2. In what ways does the massacre at Nob reflect the consequences of Saul's disobedience, and how can this serve as a warning for us today?

3. How does Abiathar's role as a priest with David illustrate the importance of spiritual leadership in our lives?

4. What can we learn from David's response to Abiathar's plight about providing refuge and support to those in need?

5. How do the events of 1 Samuel 22:20 connect to the broader account of God's faithfulness to His promises, particularly in relation to the house of Eli?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 2:31-33
This passage foretells the downfall of Eli's house, to which Ahimelech and Abiathar belong. Abiathar's escape fulfills part of this prophecy, as he is the only one to survive the massacre.

1 Kings 2:26-27
Abiathar's later life is connected to Solomon's reign, where he is removed from the priesthood, fulfilling the prophecy against Eli's house.

Psalm 52
Written by David after the events at Nob, this psalm reflects on the wickedness of Doeg the Edomite, who carried out Saul's orders, and contrasts it with the righteousness of God.