1 Samuel 20:8

Therefore deal faithfully with your servant, for you have brought me into a covenant with you before the LORD. If there is iniquity in me, then kill me yourself; why should you bring me to your father?"

Study Bible

Therefore show kindness to your servant
This phrase reflects the Hebrew concept of "hesed," often translated as loving-kindness or covenant loyalty. In the context of David and Jonathan's relationship, it underscores the deep bond and mutual commitment they share. The request for kindness is rooted in the covenant they have made, which is a solemn and binding agreement. This reflects the broader biblical theme of God's covenant with His people, where He shows steadfast love and mercy.

for you have brought me into a covenant with you before the LORD
The covenant between David and Jonathan is not merely a personal agreement but is made "before the LORD," indicating its sacred nature. Covenants in the ancient Near East were serious commitments often sealed with sacrifices and oaths. This covenant is a type of the New Covenant in Christ, where believers are brought into a relationship with God through Jesus. The mention of the LORD highlights the divine witness and accountability in their agreement, emphasizing the spiritual dimension of their bond.

If there is iniquity in me, then kill me yourself
David's statement here is a testament to his integrity and trust in Jonathan. He is willing to face the ultimate consequence if he has wronged Jonathan or his family. This reflects the biblical principle of justice and personal accountability. It also foreshadows the sacrificial nature of Christ, who was without sin yet took upon Himself the iniquity of humanity. David's willingness to be judged by Jonathan alone shows the depth of trust and the seriousness with which he regards their covenant.

why should you bring me to your father?
David questions the need for Jonathan to involve King Saul, highlighting the tension and danger he faces. Saul's animosity towards David is well-documented, and David's plea underscores his vulnerability. This situation is a microcosm of the larger narrative of David's rise to kingship amidst opposition. It also reflects the theme of divine protection and providence, as God ultimately preserves David's life and fulfills His promises. The question reveals David's reliance on Jonathan's loyalty and the precariousness of his situation.

Persons / Places / Events

1. David
The future king of Israel, anointed by Samuel, and a man after God's own heart. At this point, he is a fugitive, fleeing from King Saul's wrath.

2. Jonathan
The son of King Saul and a close friend of David. He is known for his loyalty and deep covenantal friendship with David.

3. Covenant
A solemn agreement or promise, often made before God. In this context, it refers to the covenant of friendship and loyalty between David and Jonathan.

4. Saul
The first king of Israel, who becomes increasingly hostile towards David due to jealousy and fear of losing his throne.

5. Ramah
A place where David seeks refuge with Samuel before meeting Jonathan to discuss Saul's intentions.

Teaching Points

The Importance of Covenantal Relationships
Covenantal relationships, like that of David and Jonathan, are built on trust, loyalty, and commitment. In our lives, we should seek to establish and honor such relationships, especially within the body of Christ.

Integrity and Accountability
David's willingness to be held accountable for any wrongdoing ("if there is iniquity in me, put me to death yourself") teaches us the importance of integrity and the readiness to face consequences for our actions.

Godly Friendship
The friendship between David and Jonathan exemplifies a godly relationship that prioritizes the well-being of the other person, even at personal cost. We should strive to cultivate friendships that reflect Christ's love and selflessness.

Trust in God's Sovereignty
Despite the danger he faces, David trusts in God's plan and timing. This encourages us to rely on God's sovereignty, even when circumstances seem dire.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the covenant between David and Jonathan challenge our understanding of friendship and loyalty today?

2. In what ways can we apply the principle of accountability in our personal and spiritual lives, as demonstrated by David's request to Jonathan?

3. Reflect on a time when you had to trust in God's sovereignty amidst difficult circumstances. How did that experience shape your faith?

4. How can we cultivate covenantal relationships within our church community, and what practical steps can we take to strengthen these bonds?

5. Consider the sacrificial nature of Jonathan's friendship with David. How does this reflect the love of Christ, and how can we emulate this in our relationships?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 18:3
This verse describes the covenant made between Jonathan and David, highlighting the deep bond and commitment they shared.

Proverbs 17:17
This proverb speaks to the nature of true friendship, which is relevant to the relationship between David and Jonathan.

John 15:13
Jesus speaks of the greatest love being to lay down one's life for friends, which echoes the sacrificial nature of Jonathan's loyalty to David.