1 Samuel 20:18

Then Jonathan said to David, "Tomorrow is the New Moon, and you will be missed if your seat is empty.

Study Bible

Then Jonathan said to David
Jonathan, the son of King Saul, is speaking to David, who is anointed to be the next king of Israel. Their friendship is a significant theme in 1 Samuel, highlighting loyalty and covenantal love. Jonathan's willingness to help David, despite his father's hostility, reflects a deep commitment to God's will and to David as God's chosen.

Tomorrow is the New Moon
The New Moon marked the beginning of the month in the Hebrew calendar and was a time for special sacrifices and feasting (Numbers 28:11-15). It was a significant religious observance, and attendance was expected, especially for those in the king's court. This context underscores the tension, as David's absence would be conspicuous.

and you will be missed
David's absence from the New Moon feast would be noticeable, indicating his important role in Saul's court. This phrase suggests the depth of the danger David faced, as his absence could provoke Saul's suspicion and wrath. It also highlights the bond between Jonathan and David, as Jonathan is concerned for David's safety.

because your seat will be empty
The empty seat symbolizes David's precarious position and the threat to his life from Saul. It also foreshadows the eventual separation between David and Saul's household. In a broader biblical context, the empty seat can be seen as a type of Christ, who was rejected and whose absence was felt by His followers. The imagery of an empty seat can also evoke themes of loss and longing for restoration, which are fulfilled in Christ's ultimate kingship.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jonathan
The son of King Saul and a close friend of David. Known for his loyalty and covenant friendship with David, Jonathan plays a crucial role in protecting David from Saul's wrath.

2. David
The future king of Israel, anointed by Samuel. At this point in the account, David is a fugitive, fleeing from King Saul's attempts to kill him.

3. New Moon Festival
A significant religious and social event in ancient Israel, marking the beginning of the month. It was a time for sacrifices and communal meals, where attendance was expected.

4. King Saul
The first king of Israel, who becomes increasingly hostile towards David due to jealousy and fear of losing his throne.

5. The Royal Court
The setting for the New Moon festival, where Saul, Jonathan, and other officials would gather for the feast.

Teaching Points

The Importance of Godly Friendships
Jonathan and David's relationship exemplifies loyalty and selflessness. In a world where relationships can be transactional, their friendship is a model of covenantal love and support.

Understanding Religious Observances
The New Moon festival reminds us of the importance of regular, communal worship and the rhythm of spiritual practices in our lives.

Courage in the Face of Adversity
Jonathan's willingness to stand by David, even against his father, challenges us to consider where we might need to show courage and integrity in our own relationships.

The Role of Divine Providence
Despite the danger David faces, God's providence is evident in the protection and support he receives through Jonathan. This encourages us to trust in God's plan, even in difficult circumstances.

The Cost of Disobedience
Saul's actions serve as a warning of how jealousy and disobedience to God can lead to destructive behavior and broken relationships.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the friendship between Jonathan and David challenge our understanding of loyalty and sacrifice in our own relationships?

2. In what ways can we incorporate regular spiritual observances, like the New Moon festival, into our modern lives to enhance our worship and community?

3. What are some practical ways we can show courage and integrity in our relationships, even when it might cost us personally?

4. How can we recognize and trust in God's providence in our lives, especially when facing adversity or uncertainty?

5. Reflecting on Saul's jealousy and disobedience, what steps can we take to guard our hearts against similar destructive emotions and actions?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 18-19
These chapters provide context for Saul's growing animosity towards David and the deepening friendship between Jonathan and David.

Numbers 10:10
This verse outlines the significance of the New Moon as a time for blowing trumpets and offering sacrifices, highlighting its importance in Israelite worship.

Psalm 81:3
This psalm references the New Moon as a time for celebration and worship, reinforcing its cultural and religious significance.