1 Samuel 2:28
And out of all the tribes of Israel I selected your father to be My priest, to offer sacrifices on My altar, to burn incense, and to wear an ephod in My presence. I also gave to the house of your father all the offerings of the Israelites made by fire.
And out of all the tribes of Israel I selected your father to be My priest
This phrase refers to God's sovereign choice of the tribe of Levi, specifically the family of Aaron, to serve as priests. The selection of Aaron and his descendants is detailed in Exodus 28-29. This choice underscores the concept of divine election, where God chooses individuals or groups for specific purposes. The priesthood was a sacred office, and Aaron's selection set a precedent for the hereditary nature of the Levitical priesthood. This choice also highlights the special role of the Levites among the tribes of Israel, as they were set apart for religious duties.

to offer sacrifices on My altar
The altar was central to Israelite worship, serving as the place where sacrifices were made to atone for sin and express devotion to God. The priest's role in offering sacrifices was crucial, as it mediated between God and the people. This practice is rooted in the sacrificial system established in Leviticus, which foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world (John 1:29).

to burn incense
Burning incense was a priestly duty associated with prayer and worship, symbolizing the prayers of the people ascending to God (Psalm 141:2, Revelation 8:3-4). The incense altar was located in the Holy Place, just outside the Holy of Holies, indicating the closeness of this act to God's presence. This practice emphasizes the importance of intercession and the priestly role as a mediator.

and to wear an ephod in My presence
The ephod was a priestly garment, part of the sacred attire described in Exodus 28. It was worn by the high priest and symbolized his unique role and authority. The ephod included the breastplate with the Urim and Thummim, used for discerning God's will. This garment signifies the dignity and responsibility of the priestly office and points to Christ as our High Priest, who intercedes for us before God (Hebrews 4:14-16).

I also gave to the house of your father all the food offerings of the Israelites
The food offerings, or portions of the sacrifices, were designated for the priests as their sustenance (Leviticus 2:3, 7:31-34). This provision underscores God's care for those who serve Him and the principle that those who minister at the altar should share in the offerings (1 Corinthians 9:13-14). It reflects the broader biblical theme of God's provision for His servants and the community's responsibility to support them.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Eli
The high priest during the time of Samuel's birth, Eli is a central figure in this passage. He is being addressed by a man of God who is delivering a message of judgment due to the unfaithfulness of his sons.

2. The House of Aaron
The reference to "your father" pertains to Aaron, the first high priest of Israel, from whom Eli is descended. Aaron's lineage was chosen by God to serve as priests.

3. The Altar
The altar is a sacred place where sacrifices were offered to God. It symbolizes the place of atonement and worship.

4. The Ephod
A priestly garment worn by the high priest, symbolizing his role and authority in serving before God.

5. Israel
The nation chosen by God, from which the tribe of Levi was set apart for priestly duties.
Teaching Points
Divine Choice and Responsibility
God’s choice of Aaron’s lineage for the priesthood underscores the importance of divine calling and the responsibilities that accompany it. We are reminded that with privilege comes accountability.

Faithfulness in Service
The failure of Eli’s sons serves as a warning about the consequences of unfaithfulness in our service to God. We must strive to honor God in our roles and responsibilities.

Sacredness of Worship
The mention of the altar and the ephod highlights the sacredness of worship and the need for reverence in approaching God. Our worship should be marked by sincerity and respect.

Generational Impact
The blessings and responsibilities given to Eli’s house remind us of the generational impact of our faithfulness or lack thereof. Our actions can influence future generations.

God’s Provision
The offerings given to the priests illustrate God’s provision for those who serve Him. Trusting in God’s provision is essential for those in ministry.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the divine choice of Aaron’s lineage for the priesthood reflect God’s sovereignty in our own lives and callings?

2. In what ways can we ensure that we are faithful in the roles and responsibilities God has given us, avoiding the pitfalls seen in Eli’s sons?

3. How can we cultivate a sense of reverence and sacredness in our personal and corporate worship today?

4. What steps can we take to ensure that our faithfulness positively impacts future generations?

5. How can we trust in God’s provision in our lives, especially when serving in ministry or other areas of service?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Exodus 28
This chapter details the garments of the priesthood, including the ephod, highlighting the sacred duties and responsibilities of the priests.

Leviticus 6:16-18
These verses describe the offerings made by fire, which were given to the priests as part of their sustenance, connecting to the privileges and responsibilities of the priestly family.

Hebrews 5:1-4
This passage discusses the role of the high priest, chosen by God to act on behalf of men in relation to God, offering gifts and sacrifices for sins.
A Message of Approaching JudgmentB. Dale 1 Samuel 2:27-36
People
Eli, Elkanah, Hannah, Hophni, Israelites, Pharaoh, Phinehas, Samuel
Places
Egypt, Ramah, Shiloh
Topics
Altar, Bear, Burn, Carry, Choose, Chose, Ephod, Family, Father's, Fire, Fire-offerings, Incense, Israelites, Offer, Offerings, Perfume, Presence, Priest, Priests, Smoke, Sons, Tribes, Wear
Dictionary of Bible Themes
1 Samuel 2:28

     7352   ephod
     7386   incense

1 Samuel 2:27-28

     6641   election, responsibilities

1 Samuel 2:27-29

     5433   occupations

1 Samuel 2:27-30

     8444   honouring God

1 Samuel 2:27-36

     5340   house
     5686   fathers, examples

Library
The Child Prophet
'And the child Samuel ministered unto the Lord before Eli. And the word of the Lord was precious in those days; there was no open vision. 2. And it came to pass at that time, when Eli was laid down in his place, and his eyes began to wax dim, that he could not see; 8. And ere the lamp of God went out in the temple of the Lord, where the ark of God was, and Samuel was laid down to sleep; 4. That the Lord called Samuel: and he answered, Here am I. 5. And he ran onto Eli, and said, Here am I; for thou
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

Reverence in Worship.
"Samuel ministered before the Lord, being a child, girded with a linen ephod."--1 Samuel ii. 18. Samuel, viewed in his place in sacred history, that is, in the course of events which connect Moses with Christ, appears as a great ruler and teacher of his people; this is his prominent character. He was the first of the prophets; yet, when we read the sacred narrative itself, in which his life is set before us, I suppose those passages are the more striking and impressive which represent him, in
John Henry Newman—Parochial and Plain Sermons, Vol. VIII

The Knowledge of God
'The Lord is a God of knowledge, and by him actions are weighed.' I Sam 2:2. Glorious things are spoken of God; he transcends our thoughts, and the praises of angels. God's glory lies chiefly in his attributes, which are the several beams by which the divine nature shines forth. Among other of his orient excellencies, this is not the least, The Lord is a God of knowledge; or as the Hebrew word is, A God of knowledges.' Through the bright mirror of his own essence, he has a full idea and cognisance
Thomas Watson—A Body of Divinity

Though the Fore-Mentioned Eternal Moral Obligations
are incumbent indeed on all rational creatures, antecedent to any respect of particular reward or punishment, yet they must certainly and necessarily be attended with rewards and punishments: Because the same reasons, which prove God himself to be necessarily just and good, and the rules of justice, equity, and goodness, to be his unalterable will, law, and command, to all created beings; prove also that he cannot but be pleased with and approve such creatures as imitate and obey him by observing
Samuel Clarke—A Discourse Concerning the Being and Attributes of God

Letter xxix. To Marcella.
An explanation of the Hebrew words Ephod bad (1 Sam. ii. 18) and Teraphim (Judges xvii. 5). Written at Rome to Marcella, also at Rome a.d. 384.
St. Jerome—The Principal Works of St. Jerome

A Private Enquiry
"What is the thing that the Lord hath said unto thee?"--1 Samuel 3:17. THE Lord would not speak directly to Eli, although he was the High Priest. In ordinary circumstances it would have been so; but Eli had grieved the Lord, and thus had lost his honorable standing. God had not cast him off; but he viewed him with such displeasure that he would only speak to him through another person: even as great kings, if they are offended with their courtiers, send them messages by other hands. The Lord sent,
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 37: 1891

Appendix xix. On Eternal Punishment, According to the Rabbis and the New Testament
THE Parables of the Ten Virgins' and of the Unfaithful Servant' close with a Discourse on the Last Things,' the final Judgment, and the fate of those Christ's Righ Hand and at His Left (St. Matt. xxv. 31-46). This final Judgment by our Lord forms a fundamental article in the Creed of the Church. It is the Christ Who comes, accompanied by the Angelic Host, and sits down on the throne of His Glory, when all nations are gathered before Him. Then the final separation is made, and joy or sorrow awarded
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

Covenanting a Privilege of Believers.
Whatever attainment is made by any as distinguished from the wicked, or whatever gracious benefit is enjoyed, is a spiritual privilege. Adoption into the family of God is of this character. "He came unto his own, and his own received him not. But as many as received him, to them gave he power (margin, or, the right; or, privilege) to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on his name."[617] And every co-ordinate benefit is essentially so likewise. The evidence besides, that Covenanting
John Cunningham—The Ordinance of Covenanting

The Mystery
Of the Woman dwelling in the Wilderness. The woman delivered of a child, when the dragon was overcome, from thenceforth dwelt in the wilderness, by which is figured the state of the Church, liberated from Pagan tyranny, to the time of the seventh trumpet, and the second Advent of Christ, by the type, not of a latent, invisible, but, as it were, an intermediate condition, like that of the lsraelitish Church journeying in the wilderness, from its departure from Egypt, to its entrance into the land
Joseph Mede—A Key to the Apocalypse

Sixth Day. Holiness and Glory.
Who is like unto Thee, O Lord! among the gods? Who is like unto Thee, glorious in holiness, Fearful in praises, doing wonders? Thou in Thy mercy hast led Thy people which Thou hast redeemed: Thou hast guided them in Thy strength to the habitation of Thy holiness ... The holy place, O Lord, which Thy hands have established.' --Ex. xv. 11-17. In these words we have another step in advance in the revelation of Holiness. We have here for the first time Holiness predicated of God Himself. He
Andrew Murray—Holy in Christ

Sanctification.
VI. Objections answered. I will consider those passages of scripture which are by some supposed to contradict the doctrine we have been considering. 1 Kings viii. 46: "If they sin against thee, (for there is no man that sinneth not,) and thou be angry with them, and deliver them to the enemy, so that they carry them away captives unto the land of the enemy, far or near," etc. On this passage, I remark:-- 1. That this sentiment in nearly the same language, is repeated in 2 Chron. vi. 26, and in Eccl.
Charles Grandison Finney—Systematic Theology

Seventeenth Sunday after Trinity the Christian Calling and Unity.
Text: Ephesians 4, 1-6. 1 I, therefore, the prisoner in the Lord, beseech you to walk worthily of the calling wherewith ye were called, 2 with all lowliness and meekness, with longsuffering, forbearing one another in love; 3 giving diligence to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace. 4 There is one body, and one Spirit, even as also ye were called in one hope of your calling; 5 one Lord, one faith, one baptism, 6 one God and Father of all, who is over all, and through all, and in all.
Martin Luther—Epistle Sermons, Vol. III

The Sun Rising Upon a Dark World
The people that walked in darkness have seen a great light: they that dwell in the land of the shadow of death, upon then hath the light shined. C ontrasts are suited to illustrate and strengthen the impression of each other. The happiness of those, who by faith in MESSIAH, are brought into a state of peace, liberty, and comfort, is greatly enhanced and heightened by the consideration of that previous state of misery in which they once lived, and of the greater misery to which they were justly exposed.
John Newton—Messiah Vol. 1

Entire Sanctification
By Dr. Adam Clarke The word "sanctify" has two meanings. 1. It signifies to consecrate, to separate from earth and common use, and to devote or dedicate to God and his service. 2. It signifies to make holy or pure. Many talk much, and indeed well, of what Christ has done for us: but how little is spoken of what he is to do in us! and yet all that he has done for us is in reference to what he is to do in us. He was incarnated, suffered, died, and rose again from the dead; ascended to heaven, and there
Adam Clarke—Entire Sanctification

The Holiness of God
The next attribute is God's holiness. Exod 15:51. Glorious in holiness.' Holiness is the most sparkling jewel of his crown; it is the name by which God is known. Psa 111:1. Holy and reverend is his name.' He is the holy One.' Job 6:60. Seraphims cry, Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of hosts, the whole earth is full of his glory.' Isa 6:6. His power makes him mighty, his holiness makes him glorious. God's holiness consists in his perfect love of righteousness, and abhorrence of evil. Of purer eyes than
Thomas Watson—A Body of Divinity

Mothers, Daughters, and Wives in Israel
In order accurately to understand the position of woman in Israel, it is only necessary carefully to peruse the New Testament. The picture of social life there presented gives a full view of the place which she held in private and in public life. Here we do not find that separation, so common among Orientals at all times, but a woman mingles freely with others both at home and abroad. So far from suffering under social inferiority, she takes influential and often leading part in all movements, specially
Alfred Edersheim—Sketches of Jewish Social Life

Tiglath-Pileser iii. And the Organisation of the Assyrian Empire from 745 to 722 B. C.
TIGLATH-PILESER III. AND THE ORGANISATION OF THE ASSYRIAN EMPIRE FROM 745 to 722 B.C. FAILURE OF URARTU AND RE-CONQUEST Of SYRIA--EGYPT AGAIN UNITED UNDER ETHIOPIAN AUSPICES--PIONKHI--THE DOWNFALL OF DAMASCUS, OF BABYLON, AND OF ISRAEL. Assyria and its neighbours at the accession of Tiglath-pileser III.: progress of the Aramaeans in the basin of the Middle Tigris--Urartu and its expansion into the north of Syria--Damascus and Israel--Vengeance of Israel on Damascus--Jeroboam II.--Civilisation
G. Maspero—History Of Egypt, Chaldaea, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria, V 7

Samuel
Alike from the literary and the historical point of view, the book[1] of Samuel stands midway between the book of Judges and the book of Kings. As we have already seen, the Deuteronomic book of Judges in all probability ran into Samuel and ended in ch. xii.; while the story of David, begun in Samuel, embraces the first two chapters of the first book of Kings. The book of Samuel is not very happily named, as much of it is devoted to Saul and the greater part to David; yet it is not altogether inappropriate,
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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