1 Corinthians 12:28

And in the church God has appointed first of all apostles, second prophets, third teachers, then workers of miracles, and those with gifts of healing, helping, administration, and various tongues.

Study Bible

And in the church
The term "church" (Greek: ἐκκλησία, ekklēsia) refers to the assembly or gathering of believers. Historically, this term was used in Greek culture to denote a gathering of citizens. In the Christian context, it signifies the body of Christ, a spiritual community called out from the world to serve God. The church is not merely a building or a denomination but a living organism composed of individuals united in faith.

God has appointed
The Greek word for "appointed" (ἔθετο, etheto) implies a deliberate and sovereign act of God. It underscores the divine initiative and authority in establishing roles within the church. This appointment is not based on human merit but on God's purpose and plan for His people. It reflects the order and intentionality with which God structures His church.

first of all apostles
"Apostles" (ἀπόστολοι, apostoloi) were foundational leaders in the early church, sent out with authority to preach the gospel and establish churches. The term means "sent ones" and is rooted in the mission of spreading the message of Christ. Historically, apostles were eyewitnesses of the resurrected Christ and were instrumental in laying the doctrinal foundation of the church.

second prophets
"Prophets" (προφῆται, prophētai) in the New Testament context were those who spoke forth the word of God, providing guidance, edification, and sometimes foretelling future events. Prophecy is a gift that builds up the church, offering insight and encouragement. The role of prophets is seen throughout Scripture as vital for communicating God's will to His people.

third teachers
"Teachers" (διδάσκαλοι, didaskaloi) are those who instruct and explain the Scriptures, helping believers understand and apply God's word. Teaching is a critical function in the church, ensuring that sound doctrine is maintained and that believers grow in their faith. The emphasis on teaching highlights the importance of knowledge and wisdom in the Christian life.

then workers of miracles
"Workers of miracles" (δυνάμεις, dynameis) refers to those through whom God performs supernatural acts. These acts serve as signs that confirm the truth of the gospel and demonstrate God's power. Miracles in the early church authenticated the message of the apostles and drew people to faith in Christ.

also those with gifts of healing
"Gifts of healing" (χαρίσματα ἰαμάτων, charismata iamatōn) are special endowments given by the Holy Spirit to restore physical, emotional, or spiritual health. Healing is a manifestation of God's compassion and a foretaste of the complete restoration promised in the kingdom of God. It serves as a testament to God's ongoing work in the world.

helping
The term "helping" (ἀντιλήμψεις, antilempseis) refers to the ministry of assistance and support within the church. This gift involves practical service and the ability to meet the needs of others, reflecting the servant heart of Christ. Helping is essential for the functioning of the church, as it fosters unity and care among believers.

administration
"Administration" (κυβερνήσεις, kybernēseis) involves the ability to lead, organize, and manage the affairs of the church effectively. This gift ensures that the church operates smoothly and that resources are stewarded wisely. Good administration is crucial for maintaining order and facilitating the church's mission.

and various tongues
"Various tongues" (γένη γλωσσῶν, genē glōssōn) refers to the ability to speak in languages not previously learned, often as a sign for unbelievers and a means of edifying the church. The gift of tongues is a demonstration of the Spirit's power and serves as a reminder of the diverse and global nature of the body of Christ. It points to the inclusivity of the gospel message, transcending cultural and linguistic barriers.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Apostles
These are the foundational leaders in the early church, chosen by Christ to spread the Gospel and establish churches. The term "apostle" comes from the Greek word "apostolos," meaning "one who is sent."

2. Prophets
Individuals who receive and communicate messages from God. In the early church, prophets played a crucial role in guiding and edifying the community.

3. Teachers
Those who are gifted in explaining and interpreting the Scriptures, helping believers understand and apply God's Word.

4. Workers of Miracles
Believers through whom God performs supernatural acts, demonstrating His power and confirming His message.

5. Gifts of Healing
Individuals who are used by God to bring physical, emotional, or spiritual healing to others.

6. Helping
This refers to those who serve and assist others in practical ways, contributing to the well-being of the church community.

7. Guidance
Also known as administration or leadership, this gift involves organizing and directing the church's activities and resources.

8. Different Kinds of Tongues
The ability to speak in languages not previously known to the speaker, often used for edification and communication of God's message.

Teaching Points

Diversity of Gifts
Recognize that God has given a variety of gifts to the church, each with a unique purpose. Every believer has a role to play in the body of Christ.

Unity in Diversity
While the gifts are diverse, they are meant to work together for the common good. Unity in the church is achieved when each member uses their gifts in harmony with others.

Value of Every Role
No gift is more important than another. Each role, whether visible or behind the scenes, is vital for the health and growth of the church.

Seek and Develop Your Gifts
Believers are encouraged to seek and develop their spiritual gifts, using them to serve others and glorify God.

Dependence on the Holy Spirit
The effective use of spiritual gifts requires reliance on the Holy Spirit, who empowers and guides believers in their service.

Bible Study Questions

1. How can you identify the spiritual gifts God has given you, and how can you use them to serve your church community?

2. In what ways can the diversity of gifts within your church lead to greater unity and effectiveness in ministry?

3. How does understanding the role of apostles, prophets, and teachers in the early church help us appreciate these roles today?

4. What are some practical ways you can support and encourage others in your church who have different gifts than you?

5. How can you ensure that your use of spiritual gifts is led by the Holy Spirit and aligned with God's purposes for the church?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Ephesians 4:11-13
This passage also lists various roles within the church, emphasizing their purpose in equipping the saints and building up the body of Christ.

Romans 12:6-8
Paul discusses different gifts given to believers, encouraging them to use these gifts according to the grace given to them.

Acts 2:1-4
The event of Pentecost, where the Holy Spirit enabled the apostles to speak in different tongues, demonstrating the power and presence of God.