How do climate science and environmentalism conflict with dominion theology? Understanding the Scope of the Question Climate science and environmentalism focus on studying changes in the Earth’s climate and advocating for the responsible use of natural resources. Dominion theology draws from scriptural teachings that humanity has been given authority over creation. The question arises: How do these perspectives come into conflict? This entry explores the biblical foundations of dominion, the contemporary concerns of climate science and environmentalism, and the ways these two viewpoints may clash or find alignment. Definition and Origins of Dominion Theology Dominion theology is founded in the belief that humanity has both the right and responsibility to govern the Earth. The basis for this concept is rooted in Genesis: “God blessed them and said to them, ‘Be fruitful and multiply; fill the earth and subdue it; rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air and every creature that crawls upon the earth.’” (Genesis 1:28) This verse has frequently been interpreted to mean that people are tasked with caring for, developing, and stewarding creation. The concept of “dominion” has never biblically been a license for reckless exploitation. Instead, humanity is held accountable by God for how creation is used and nurtured. Historical Perspective on Dominion 1. In ancient Israel, respect for the land was embedded in the Law. Land Sabbaths (Leviticus 25) required fields to rest periodically, demonstrating the importance of preserving creation’s fruitfulness. 2. Early church writings often portrayed the Earth as God’s possession, referencing Psalms: “The earth is the LORD’s, and the fullness thereof; the world and all who dwell therein.” (Psalm 24:1) 3. Interpreters through the centuries understood dominion to entail both governance and guardianship. This nuanced understanding acknowledged that God gives humanity authority but also requires responsible oversight. Climate Science and Environmentalism Explained Modern climate science examines patterns such as temperature shifts, greenhouse gas concentration, and natural cycles. Many environmental movements advocate for conservation, reduction of pollution, and sustainable resource management. Environmental concerns often stem from data suggesting: • Rising global temperatures. • Increasing carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. • Loss of biodiversity and habitat destruction. • Depletion of natural resources. While the data itself attempts to be impartial, interpretations vary widely. Some hold that the Earth is millions or billions of years old, explaining climate changes as either cyclical or anthropogenically accelerated. Others, within a younger Earth framework, interpret certain geological features and climate fluctuations in light of a relatively recent global flood and a shorter historical timeline. Points of Conflict with Dominion Theology 1. Perceived License to Exploit Some environmentalists accuse dominion theology of promoting exploitation by underscoring humanity’s “rule” over creation. Critics contend this emphasis can lead to unchecked industrial growth and environmental damage when interpreted incorrectly. 2. Question of Urgency Many climate scientists urge immediate global action to curb emissions and resource depletion. Certain interpretations of dominion theology may prioritize human prosperity over ecological concerns, generating tension with activists who believe immediate and major environmental safeguards are critical. 3. Timeline Disagreements Climate models often rely on an old-Earth chronology. By contrast, those holding to a biblical timeline akin to Ussher’s (placing creation around 4004 BC) understand major geological features within a shorter timescale. This variance in chronology can cause misunderstandings about how rapidly environmental changes occur and how urgently solutions should be applied. Stewardship as a Key Aspect of Dominion A close examination of Scripture shows that dominion includes stewardship, which can align well with legitimate environmental concerns: 1. Caring for the Garden Humanity’s first calling involved caring for the Garden of Eden (Genesis 2:15). The Hebrew phrasing indicates a responsibility to “work” and “guard” what God had created. This supports the notion that dominion has always required protective oversight. 2. Accountability to the Creator Individuals will ultimately answer to God for how they manage the Earth’s resources (Romans 14:12). Biblical texts illustrate that creation itself testifies to God’s glory (Psalm 19:1), underscoring the value and worth of the natural world. 3. Sabbath Principles and Land Rest The agricultural laws for ancient Israel mandated rest for the land and gleaning for the poor (Leviticus 25; Deuteronomy 24:19–22). These instructions balanced productivity with preservation and compassion, aligning with environmental ideals that stress sustainable resource usage. Addressing Climate Concerns Within a Dominion Framework 1. Responsible Resource Management Dominion theology encourages innovation and wise management of resources. Technological or scientific research that seeks alternatives for energy, pollution reduction, or habitat conservation can be viewed as fully consistent with a biblical vision of stewarding the Earth. 2. Human Flourishing and Creation Care The biblical emphasis on caring for one another (Matthew 22:39) also supports ethical environmental practices benefiting global communities. Ensuring clean water, fertile soil, and healthy ecosystems serves both human prosperity and respects God’s creation. 3. Questions of Scale and Urgency While dominion theology affirms God’s sovereignty over creation, it does not discount taking prudent action to mitigate negative environmental impacts. Scriptures describe God’s ongoing care for His creation (Psalm 65:9–13), yet humans are not freed from responsibility. Testimonies from History and Archaeology 1. Reliability of Biblical Texts Discoveries such as the Dead Sea Scrolls in the mid-20th century affirm the consistent transmission of Old Testament passages addressing stewardship and dominion. The alignment of these manuscripts with later copies demonstrates the fidelity of scriptural teachings over centuries. 2. Ancient Near Eastern Farming Practices Archaeological excavations in regions once inhabited by ancient Israel reveal practical methods of land stewardship, terracing, and seasonal crop rotation. These findings further illustrate that caring for the land was an active command, preventing soil erosion and maintaining fertility. 3. Cross-Cultural Recognition In various eras, Christian missionaries and biblical adherents introduced agricultural improvements and sustainable water techniques to developing areas. Historical records show many acting on biblical principles of tending and nurturing the land, embodying the positive outworking of dominion. Young-Earth Perspectives and Environmental Practice A shorter timeframe for Earth’s history does not necessarily diminish care for the environment. Proponents point to: • The dramatic effects of the global flood (Genesis 6–9) as a key catalyst for geological and ecological shifts. • The continued command to cultivate and steward creation once the waters receded. • Observational data that can be interpreted through a flood-based model, underscoring that drastic environmental changes can occur rapidly and require mindful adaptation. Practical Synthesis: Harmony or Conflict? While conflict may arise if dominion theology is taken to justify reckless exploitation, a biblically grounded perspective emphasizes deliberate stewardship. Many who hold to dominion theology embrace scientific research, so long as it respects biblical truths of creation and the value of human life. Thus, both thoughtful environmental care and faithful dominion practices can exist in a harmonious relationship. Conclusion The tension between climate science, environmentalism, and dominion theology often emerges from misunderstandings. A careful look at biblical commands reveals a dual obligation for humanity to both exercise responsible authority and care for the Earth. The scriptural basis for dominion includes stewardship that fosters flourishing for present and future generations. Properly understood, dominion theology does not stand as an obstacle to careful environmental management, but rather calls believers to a higher accountability in ensuring that the created world remains, as God intended, “very good” (Genesis 1:31). |
    |