2560. chamar
Strong's Lexicon
chamar: To boil up, ferment, foam

Original Word: חָמַר
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: chamar
Pronunciation: khaw-mar'
Phonetic Spelling: (khaw-mar')
Definition: To boil up, ferment, foam
Meaning: to boil up, to ferment, to glow, to smear with pitch

Word Origin: A primitive root

Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: While there is no direct Greek equivalent for "chamar," the concept of fermentation and boiling can be related to Greek words like ζέω (zeo, Strong's G2204), meaning to boil or be fervent.

Usage: The Hebrew verb "chamar" primarily conveys the idea of boiling or fermenting, often used metaphorically to describe emotions or states that are intense or agitated. It can refer to the physical process of fermentation, as in the making of wine, or to the foaming of water. In a metaphorical sense, it can describe the stirring up of emotions, such as anger or passion.

Cultural and Historical Background: In ancient Hebrew culture, wine was a common beverage, and its fermentation process was well understood. The imagery of boiling or fermenting was often used to describe the intensity of emotions or situations. The process of fermentation, which involves transformation and change, can symbolize the inner workings of the heart and mind, reflecting the cultural understanding of human emotions as dynamic and powerful forces.

Brown-Driver-Briggs
I. חָמַר verb ferment, boil or foam up (Arabic ferment, leaven, , noun leaven; see LagBN 207); —

Qal Perfect3masculine singular ׳וְיַיִן ח Psalm 75:9 and wine which foams, (others from IV. חמר be red); 3 plural חָֽמְרוּ is suggested by We as possible Habakkuk 3:15 (for ᵑ0 חֹמֶר q. v.) the great waters foamed; Imperfect3masculine plural יֶחֱמוּ יֶחְמְרוּ מֵימָיו Psalm 46:4 let its water roar and foam.

Pe`al`al Perfect passive3plural מֵעַי חֳמַרְמָ֑רוּ Lamentations 1:20 my bowels are in a ferment ("" נֶהְמַּךְ לִבִּי), of distressat calamities of Jerusalem; so חֳמַרְמְרוּ מֵעַי Lamentations 2:11. — Job 16:16 see IV. חמר.

II. [חָמַר] verb denominative cover or smear with asphalt, only

Qal Imperfect3feminine singular suffix וַתַּחְמְרָה Exodus 2:3 (E); on form of suffix see Ges§ 58, 3, R, 1.

III. חמר (√ of following; Late Hebrew חָמַר, heap up; Aramaic חַמֵּר make a ruin-heap; Arabic great mass of stone, heap of stones).

IV. [חמר] verb be red (Arabic II. dye red, redness, reddish brown (apparently skin-colour) so Thes MV BaNB 192 and others) — only

Pe`al`al Perfect passive מָּנַי חֳמַרְמְרֻ֯ה Job 16:16 my face is reddened from weeping. — Lamentations 1:20; Lamentations 2:11 see I. חמר.

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance
daub, befoul, be red, trouble

A primitive root; properly, to boil up; hence, to ferment (with scum); to glow (with redness); as denominative (from chemar) to smear with pitch -- daub, befoul, be red, trouble.

see HEBREW chemar

Forms and Transliterations
וַתַּחְמְרָ֥ה ותחמרה חֳ֭מַרְמְרוּ חֳמַרְמְר֣וּ חֳמַרְמָ֔רוּ חָמַ֨ר ׀ חמר חמרמרו יֶחְמְר֣וּ יחמרו chaMar chomarMaru Chomarmeru ḥā·mar ḥāmar ḥo·mar·mā·rū ḥo·mar·mə·rū ḥomarmārū ḥomarmərū vattachmeRah wat·taḥ·mə·rāh wattaḥmərāh yechmeRu yeḥ·mə·rū yeḥmərū
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Englishman's Concordance
Exodus 2:3
HEB: תֵּ֣בַת גֹּ֔מֶא וַתַּחְמְרָ֥ה בַחֵמָ֖ר וּבַזָּ֑פֶת
NAS: basket and covered it over with tar
KJV: of bulrushes, and daubed it with slime
INT: basket A wicker and covered tar and pitch

Job 16:16
HEB: [חֳמַרְמְרָה כ] (חֳ֭מַרְמְרוּ ק) מִנִּי־
NAS: My face is flushed from weeping,
KJV: My face is foul with weeping,
INT: my face daub from weeping

Psalm 46:3
HEB: יֶהֱמ֣וּ יֶחְמְר֣וּ מֵימָ֑יו יִֽרְעֲשֽׁוּ־
NAS: roar [and] foam, Though the mountains
KJV: thereof roar [and] be troubled, [though] the mountains
INT: roar foam waters quake

Psalm 75:8
HEB: יְהוָ֡ה וְיַ֤יִן חָמַ֨ר ׀ מָ֥לֵא מֶסֶךְ֮
NAS: and the wine foams; It is well
KJV: and the wine is red; it is full
INT: of the LORD and the wine foams is well mixed

Lamentations 1:20
HEB: לִי֙ מֵעַ֣י חֳמַרְמָ֔רוּ נֶהְפַּ֤ךְ לִבִּי֙
NAS: My spirit is greatly troubled; My heart
KJV: my bowels are troubled; mine heart
INT: adversary my spirit is greatly is overturned my heart

Lamentations 2:11
HEB: בַדְּמָע֤וֹת עֵינַי֙ חֳמַרְמְר֣וּ מֵעַ֔י נִשְׁפַּ֤ךְ
NAS: My spirit is greatly troubled; My heart
KJV: my bowels are troubled, my liver
INT: of tears my eyes is greatly my spirit is poured

6 Occurrences

Strong's Hebrew 2560
6 Occurrences


ḥā·mar — 1 Occ.
ḥo·mar·mā·rū — 1 Occ.
ḥo·mar·mə·rū — 2 Occ.
wat·taḥ·mə·rāh — 1 Occ.
yeḥ·mə·rū — 1 Occ.















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