4087. pikrainó

Strong's Lexicon

pikrainó: To make bitter, to embitter, to exasperate

Original Word: πικραίνω
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: pikrainó
Pronunciation: pik-rah'-ee-no
Phonetic Spelling: (pik-rah'-ee-no)
Definition: To make bitter, to embitter, to exasperate
Meaning: I make bitter, embitter; pass: I grow angry or harsh.

Word Origin: From the Greek word πικρός (pikros), meaning "bitter."

Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: The Hebrew equivalent often associated with bitterness is מָרַר (marar), Strong's Hebrew 4843, which also means to be bitter or to make bitter.

Usage: The verb "pikrainó" is used in the New Testament to describe the act of making something bitter or causing bitterness. It can refer to both literal bitterness, such as the taste of something, and metaphorical bitterness, such as emotional or relational bitterness. The term often conveys a sense of causing distress or irritation.

Cultural and Historical Background: In the ancient world, bitterness was often associated with unpleasant experiences or emotions. The concept of bitterness was not only related to taste but also to the human experience of suffering, hardship, and relational strife. In the Greco-Roman culture, bitterness could be seen as a vice that disrupted harmony and peace within communities and families.

NAS Exhaustive Concordance

Word Origin
from pikros
Definition
to make bitter
NASB Translation
embittered (1), made bitter (2), make...bitter (1).

Thayer's Greek Lexicon

STRONGS NT 4087: πικραίνω

πικραίνω: future πικράνω; passive, present πικραίνομαι; 1 aorist ἐπικρανθην; (πικρός, which see);

1. properly, to make bitter: τά ὕδατα, passive, Revelation 8:11; τήν κοιλίαν, to produce a bitter taste in the stomach (Vulg.amarico), Revelation 10:9f.

2. tropically, to embitter, exasperate, i. e. render angry, indignant; passive, to be embittered, irritated (Plato, Demosthenes, others): πρός τινα, Colossians 3:19 (Athen. 6, p. 242 c.; ἐπί τινα, Exodus 16:20; Jeremiah 44:15 (); 1 Esdr. 4:31; (ἐν τίνι, Ruth 1:20)); contextually equivalent to to visit with bitterness, to grieve (deal bitterly with), Job 27:2; Macc. 3:7. (Compare: παραπικραίνω.)

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance

embitter.

From pikros; to embitter (literally or figuratively) -- be (make) bitter.

see GREEK pikros

Forms and Transliterations

επικρανθη επικράνθη ἐπικράνθη επικρανθησαν επικράνθησαν ἐπικράνθησαν μὴ πικραινεσθε πικραίνεσθε πικραινομένη πικράναί πικράνας πικρανει πικρανεί πικρανεῖ πικρανθήσονται πικρασμώ epikranthe epikranthē epikránthe epikránthē epikranthesan epikranthēsan epikránthesan epikránthēsan me mē pikrainesthe pikraínesthe pikranei pikraneî

Englishman's Concordance

Colossians 3:19 V-PMM/P-2P
GRK: καὶ μὴ πικραίνεσθε πρὸς αὐτάς
NAS: your wives and do not be embittered against
KJV: be not bitter against them.
INT: and not be bitter against them

Revelation 8:11 V-AIP-3P
GRK: ὑδάτων ὅτι ἐπικράνθησαν
NAS: because they were made bitter.
KJV: because they were made bitter.
INT: waters because they were made bitter

Revelation 10:9 V-FIA-3S
GRK: αὐτό καὶ πικρανεῖ σου τὴν
NAS: it and eat it; it will make your stomach
KJV: thy belly bitter, but it shall be
INT: it and it will make bitter your

Revelation 10:10 V-AIP-3S
GRK: ἔφαγον αὐτό ἐπικράνθη ἡ κοιλία
NAS: it, my stomach was made bitter.
KJV: my belly was bitter.
INT: I did eat it was made bitter the stomach

Strong's Greek 4087
4 Occurrences

ἐπικράνθη — 1 Occ.
ἐπικράνθησαν — 1 Occ.
πικραίνεσθε — 1 Occ.
πικρανεῖ — 1 Occ.