In biblical terms, a "trespasser" refers to an individual who commits an act of transgression or sin, particularly in the context of violating God's laws or commandments. The concept of trespassing is closely associated with the idea of sin and moral failure, and it is addressed throughout the Scriptures in various contexts.

Old Testament Context

In the Old Testament, the Hebrew word often translated as "trespass" is "ma'al," which signifies an act of unfaithfulness or breach of trust. Trespassing against God or others is seen as a serious offense, requiring atonement and restitution. Leviticus 5:15-16 provides an example: "If someone acts unfaithfully and sins unintentionally against any of the LORD’s holy things, he must bring his guilt offering to the LORD: an unblemished ram from the flock, according to your valuation in silver by the shekel of the sanctuary, as a guilt offering. He must make restitution for what he has failed to do regarding the holy things, add a fifth of the value to it, and give it to the priest. Then the priest will make atonement on his behalf with the ram as a guilt offering, and he will be forgiven."

The concept of trespass is also evident in the account of Achan in Joshua 7, where Achan's disobedience in taking forbidden items leads to Israel's defeat at Ai. His act of trespass against God's command results in severe consequences for himself and his family, illustrating the gravity of such offenses.

New Testament Context

In the New Testament, the Greek word "paraptoma" is often used to denote trespass, which can be understood as a lapse or deviation from truth and uprightness. Trespassing is addressed in the context of personal relationships and the need for forgiveness. In the Lord's Prayer, Jesus teaches His disciples to pray, "And forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors" (Matthew 6:12). The parallel passage in Luke 11:4 uses the term "sins" instead of "debts," highlighting the interchangeable nature of these concepts.

The Apostle Paul also addresses the issue of trespass in his epistles. In Ephesians 2:1 , he writes, "As for you, you were dead in your trespasses and sins," emphasizing the spiritual death that results from living in disobedience to God. However, Paul also speaks of the redemptive power of Christ, who offers forgiveness and reconciliation. In Colossians 2:13-14 , he states, "When you were dead in your trespasses and in the uncircumcision of your flesh, God made you alive with Christ. He forgave us all our trespasses, having canceled the debt ascribed to us in the decrees that stood against us. He took it away, nailing it to the cross."

Moral and Theological Implications

The concept of trespass in the Bible underscores the seriousness of sin and the need for repentance and forgiveness. Trespassing against God or others disrupts the intended harmony and order of creation, leading to spiritual and relational brokenness. The biblical narrative consistently calls individuals to recognize their trespasses, seek God's forgiveness, and extend forgiveness to others.

The sacrificial system in the Old Testament and the atoning work of Christ in the New Testament both highlight God's provision for dealing with trespasses. Through confession, repentance, and faith in Christ's redemptive work, believers are offered a path to restoration and reconciliation with God and their fellow human beings.