Introduction

Purim is a Jewish festival commemorating the deliverance of the Jewish people from a plot to annihilate them, as recorded in the Book of Esther. The celebration of Purim is rooted in the historical events that took place in the Persian Empire during the reign of King Xerxes (Ahasuerus). The festival is named after the "pur" or lot that Haman, the antagonist, cast to determine the day on which to destroy the Jews (Esther 3:7).

Biblical Foundation

The obligation to celebrate Purim is established in the Book of Esther. After the Jews' deliverance, Mordecai and Queen Esther instituted the festival as a perpetual commemoration. Esther 9:20-22 states: "Mordecai recorded these events and sent letters to all the Jews in all the provinces of King Xerxes, both near and far, to establish among them an annual celebration on the fourteenth and fifteenth days of the month of Adar as the days on which the Jews gained relief from their enemies, and as the month when their sorrow was turned into joy and their mourning into a day of celebration. He wrote to them to observe these days as days of feasting and joy and giving presents of food to one another and gifts to the poor."

Observance and Practices

The celebration of Purim involves several key practices, as derived from the biblical text and Jewish tradition:

1. Reading of the Megillah: The public reading of the Book of Esther, known as the Megillah, is central to the observance of Purim. This reading recounts the account of Esther, Mordecai, and the Jewish people's deliverance. It is customary to read the Megillah twice, once on the evening of Purim and again the following morning.

2. Feasting and Joy: As instructed in Esther 9:22, Purim is a time of feasting and joy. Families and communities gather to share festive meals, celebrating the triumph of the Jewish people over their adversaries.

3. Giving of Gifts: The giving of "presents of food to one another" is a practice known as Mishloach Manot. This involves sending gifts of food and drink to friends and family, fostering community and friendship.

4. Charity to the Poor: The giving of "gifts to the poor" is another essential aspect of Purim, emphasizing the importance of charity and care for those in need. This practice, known as Matanot La'Evyonim, ensures that everyone can partake in the joy of the festival.

Theological Significance

From a theological perspective, Purim underscores themes of divine providence, human agency, and the reversal of fortune. Although God's name is not explicitly mentioned in the Book of Esther, His providential care is evident throughout the narrative. The deliverance of the Jewish people is seen as a testament to God's faithfulness and His ability to work through individuals like Esther and Mordecai to bring about His purposes.

The festival also highlights the importance of remembering and celebrating God's past deliverances as a source of hope and encouragement for future generations. The obligation to celebrate Purim serves as a reminder of the enduring covenant between God and His people, and the assurance of His protection and deliverance in times of trial.