The Tabernacle, as described in the Old Testament, was a portable sanctuary that served as the dwelling place of God among the Israelites during their journey through the wilderness. The construction and materials of the Tabernacle were divinely specified to Moses on Mount Sinai, as recorded in the book of Exodus. Each material used held symbolic significance and was chosen for its quality and representation of spiritual truths.

Gold, Silver, and Bronze

Gold was extensively used in the Tabernacle, symbolizing divinity and purity. It was employed in the construction of the Ark of the Covenant, the mercy seat, and various utensils. Exodus 25:11 states, "Overlay it with pure gold both inside and out, and make a gold molding around it." Silver was used primarily for the bases of the Tabernacle's framework, representing redemption. Bronze, a symbol of judgment, was used for the altar of burnt offering and other items exposed to fire and heat.

Acacia Wood

Acacia wood, known for its durability and resistance to decay, was used for the construction of the Tabernacle's framework, the Ark of the Covenant, and other furnishings. Its incorruptibility symbolized the humanity of Christ, who was without sin. Exodus 25:10 instructs, "They are to make an ark of acacia wood—two and a half cubits long, a cubit and a half wide, and a cubit and a half high."

Fine Linen and Fabrics

The Tabernacle's curtains and coverings were made from fine linen, woven with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn. These colors held deep symbolic meanings: blue represented heaven, purple signified royalty, and scarlet symbolized sacrifice. The fine linen itself represented righteousness and purity. Exodus 26:1 describes, "You are to construct the Tabernacle itself with ten curtains of finely spun linen, with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, with cherubim skillfully worked into them."

Goat Hair, Ram Skins, and Sea Cow Hides

The outer coverings of the Tabernacle were made from goat hair, ram skins dyed red, and sea cow hides. These materials provided protection and insulation. The goat hair covering symbolized atonement, as goats were often used in sacrificial offerings. Ram skins dyed red represented consecration and sacrifice, while the sea cow hides provided a durable outer layer.

Precious Stones

The high priest's breastplate was adorned with twelve precious stones, each representing one of the twelve tribes of Israel. These stones were set in gold filigree and served as a reminder of the priest's role in representing the people before God. Exodus 28:17-21 details the arrangement and significance of these stones.

Oil and Incense

Olive oil was used for lighting the lamps of the golden lampstand, symbolizing the Holy Spirit's presence and illumination. The anointing oil, made from a blend of spices, was used to consecrate the Tabernacle and its furnishings. Incense, made from a specific blend of spices, was burned on the altar of incense, representing the prayers of the people ascending to God. Exodus 30:34-35 provides the recipe for the sacred incense.

The materials used in the Tabernacle were not only functional but also rich in spiritual symbolism, reflecting the holiness and majesty of God and His covenant relationship with Israel.