Etymology and Meaning:
Eshtemo'a, also spelled Eshtemoh, is a name of Hebrew origin, meaning "obedience" or "hearing." It is derived from the root word "shama," which means "to hear" or "to obey."

Biblical References:
Eshtemo'a is mentioned several times in the Old Testament, primarily in the context of territorial allotments and Levitical cities. It is first introduced in the Book of Joshua as part of the inheritance of the tribe of Judah. Joshua 15:50 lists Eshtemo'a among the cities in the hill country of Judah: "Anab, Eshtemoh, Anim." Later, in Joshua 21:14, Eshtemo'a is designated as a Levitical city given to the descendants of Aaron: "And Jattir, and Eshtemoa, with their pasturelands."

In 1 Chronicles 6:57, Eshtemo'a is again mentioned as a city given to the Levites: "And to the descendants of Aaron they gave Hebron (a city of refuge for the manslayer), Libnah, Jattir, Eshtemoa." This allocation underscores the city's significance as a center for the priestly class within the tribal territories of Israel.

Historical and Geographical Context:
Eshtemo'a was located in the hill country of Judah, an area characterized by its rugged terrain and strategic significance. The city was situated near Hebron, another prominent city in Judah, which served as a central hub for religious and political activities. The allocation of Eshtemo'a to the Levites highlights its importance as a religious center, providing support and sustenance for those serving in the priestly roles.

Archaeological Insights:
Modern archaeological efforts have identified Eshtemo'a with the site of es-Samu, a village located approximately 8 miles south of Hebron. Excavations in the area have uncovered remains from various periods, including the Iron Age, which corresponds to the biblical era. These findings provide tangible evidence of the city's historical existence and its role within the ancient landscape of Judah.

Cultural and Theological Significance:
Eshtemo'a's designation as a Levitical city underscores its role in the religious life of ancient Israel. As a city given to the Levites, it served as a place where the priestly duties were carried out, including teaching the Law and performing sacrificial rituals. This allocation reflects the broader biblical theme of the Levites' unique role in maintaining the spiritual and religious order of the Israelite community.

The city's mention in the context of Judah's inheritance also highlights the fulfillment of God's promises to the tribes of Israel regarding their territorial allotments. Eshtemo'a, as part of Judah's inheritance, signifies the tribe's prominence and its central role in the unfolding narrative of Israel's history.

Conclusion:
Eshtemo'a stands as a testament to the intricate organization of tribal and religious life in ancient Israel. Its repeated mention in the biblical text emphasizes its importance as both a geographical location and a spiritual center, integral to the heritage and faith of the Israelite people.Eshtemo'a (5 Occurrences)

Joshua 21:14
and Jattir with the open land about it, and Eshtemoa with the open land about it;
(See RSV)

1 Samuel 30:28
and to them that were in Aroer, and to them that were in Siphmoth, and to them that were in Eshtemoa;
(See RSV)

1 Chronicles 4:17
And the sons of Ezrah: Jether, and Mered, and Epher, and Jalon. And she bore Miriam, and Shammai, and Ishbah the father of Eshtemoa--
(See RSV)

1 Chronicles 4:19
And the sons of the wife of Hodiah, the sister of Naham, were the father of Keilah the Garmite, and Eshtemoa the Maacathite.
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1 Chronicles 6:57
And to the sons of Aaron they gave the city of refuge, Hebron; Libnah also with the open land about it, and Jattir, and Eshtemoa with the open land about it;
(See RSV)

Eshtemo'a (5 Occurrences)
Eshtemo'a. Eshtemoa, Eshtemo'a. Eshtemoh . Multi-Version Concordance
Eshtemo'a (5 Occurrences). Joshua 21:14 and Jattir with the ...
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Eshtemoa (5 Occurrences)

/e/eshtemoa.htm - 9k

Eshtemoh (1 Occurrence)

/e/eshtemoh.htm - 6k

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