Introduction

The anointing of David as the future king of Israel is a pivotal event in biblical history, marking the divine selection of a leader "after God's own heart" (1 Samuel 13:14). This event is recorded in 1 Samuel 16 and signifies a transition in Israel's monarchy from Saul, the first king, to David, who would become one of the most revered figures in the Bible.

Context

The backdrop to David's anointing is the rejection of King Saul by God due to his disobedience. Saul's failure to fully carry out God's commands, particularly in the matter of the Amalekites (1 Samuel 15), led to the Lord's decision to seek a new king. The prophet Samuel, who had anointed Saul, is instructed by God to anoint a successor from the sons of Jesse of Bethlehem.

The Anointing Event

1 Samuel 16:1-13 details the anointing of David. God commands Samuel to fill his horn with oil and go to Bethlehem, where he will find Jesse and his sons. Despite Samuel's initial fear of Saul's reaction, God provides a plan for the anointing to occur under the guise of a sacrificial feast.

Upon arrival, Samuel consecrates Jesse and his sons, inviting them to the sacrifice. As each of Jesse's sons is presented, God instructs Samuel not to consider their appearance or height, for "the LORD does not see as man sees; for man looks at the outward appearance, but the LORD looks at the heart" (1 Samuel 16:7).

David, the youngest son, is initially absent, tending sheep. When he is brought before Samuel, the Lord confirms His choice: "Rise and anoint him, for he is the one" (1 Samuel 16:12). Samuel anoints David in the presence of his brothers, and "the Spirit of the LORD rushed upon David from that day forward" (1 Samuel 16:13).

Significance

David's anointing is significant for several reasons:

1. Divine Selection: Unlike Saul, who was chosen partly for his physical stature, David is chosen for his heart and character. This underscores the biblical theme that God values inner qualities over outward appearances.

2. The Role of the Holy Spirit: The Spirit of the Lord coming upon David signifies divine empowerment and favor, equipping him for the future challenges of kingship.

3. Foreshadowing of Christ: David's anointing prefigures the anointing of Jesus Christ, the "Son of David," who is anointed by the Holy Spirit to fulfill His messianic mission.

4. Transition of Leadership: The anointing marks the beginning of a transition from Saul's troubled reign to David's eventual establishment as king, highlighting themes of obedience, faithfulness, and God's sovereign will.

Theological Implications

David's anointing illustrates the principle of God's sovereign choice and the importance of obedience and faithfulness. It serves as a reminder that God's plans often defy human expectations and that He equips those He calls with His Spirit. David's life and reign, beginning with this anointing, become a testament to God's covenant faithfulness and His unfolding redemptive plan for Israel and the world.