David's inquiry of the LORD is a significant aspect of his life and reign as the king of Israel, reflecting his dependence on divine guidance and his commitment to seeking God's will in various situations. This practice is documented in several instances throughout the biblical narrative, primarily in the books of 1 and 2 Samuel.

Biblical Context and Instances

1. Ziklag and the Amalekites (1 Samuel 30:7-8): One of the most notable instances of David inquiring of the LORD occurs when the Amalekites raided Ziklag, capturing the families of David and his men. In his distress, David sought the LORD's guidance through the priest Abiathar and the ephod. "Then David said to Abiathar the priest, the son of Ahimelech, 'Please bring me the ephod.' So Abiathar brought it to him, and David inquired of the LORD, 'Should I pursue these raiders? Will I overtake them?' And the LORD told him, 'Pursue them, for you will surely overtake them and rescue the captives.'" (1 Samuel 30:7-8). This inquiry led to a successful recovery mission.

2. Battle Against the Philistines (2 Samuel 5:19, 23-24): After becoming king, David faced the Philistines, who sought to challenge his rule. David inquired of the LORD before engaging in battle. "So David inquired of the LORD, 'Should I go up against the Philistines? Will You deliver them into my hand?' The LORD replied, 'Go, for I will surely deliver the Philistines into your hand.'" (2 Samuel 5:19). Later, when the Philistines attacked again, David once more sought the LORD's counsel, receiving specific instructions that led to victory.

3. Famine During David's Reign (2 Samuel 21:1): A three-year famine during David's reign prompted him to seek the LORD's guidance to understand the cause. "During the reign of David there was a famine for three successive years, and David sought the face of the LORD. The LORD said, 'It is because of Saul and his bloodstained house; it is because he put the Gibeonites to death.'" (2 Samuel 21:1). This inquiry revealed the need for atonement for Saul's actions against the Gibeonites.

Theological Significance

David's practice of inquiring of the LORD underscores the importance of seeking divine guidance in decision-making. It reflects a heart that is attuned to God's will and a reliance on His wisdom rather than human understanding. This practice is consistent with the biblical principle found in Proverbs 3:5-6, which encourages trust in the LORD and acknowledgment of Him in all ways.

Method of Inquiry

David's inquiries were often conducted through the use of the ephod, a priestly garment associated with seeking God's will. The ephod, worn by the high priest, contained the Urim and Thummim, which were used to discern God's guidance. This method highlights the role of the priesthood and the sacred objects in facilitating communication between God and His people.

Legacy and Example

David's consistent inquiry of the LORD serves as an example for believers, emphasizing the value of prayer and seeking God's direction in all aspects of life. His reliance on divine guidance contributed to his success as a leader and his reputation as a man after God's own heart (1 Samuel 13:14). David's inquiries remind believers of the importance of humility and dependence on God in every circumstance.