The theme of "Contention over the King" is a recurring motif in the biblical narrative, reflecting the struggles and disputes surrounding the establishment and recognition of rightful leadership in Israel. This theme is particularly evident in the historical books of the Old Testament, where the question of legitimate kingship often leads to conflict and division among the people of God.

1. The Anointing of Saul and David

The first significant instance of contention over the king occurs with the transition from the period of the judges to the monarchy. The people of Israel, desiring to be like other nations, demand a king. God instructs the prophet Samuel to anoint Saul as the first king of Israel (1 Samuel 9-10). However, Saul's disobedience leads to his rejection by God, and David, a young shepherd, is anointed as his successor (1 Samuel 16:1-13).

The contention between Saul and David is marked by jealousy and pursuit, as Saul seeks to kill David, whom he perceives as a threat to his throne. Despite Saul's attempts, David consistently refuses to harm Saul, respecting him as the Lord's anointed (1 Samuel 24:6: "The LORD forbid that I should do such a thing to my master, the LORD’s anointed."). This period of contention highlights the tension between human ambition and divine appointment.

2. The Division of the Kingdom

Following the reign of David, his son Solomon ascends to the throne. However, after Solomon's death, the kingdom is divided due to internal strife and dissatisfaction with Solomon's policies. Rehoboam, Solomon's son, becomes king, but his harsh response to the people's grievances leads to the secession of the northern tribes under Jeroboam (1 Kings 12).

This division results in two separate kingdoms: Israel in the north and Judah in the south. The contention over rightful kingship continues as both kingdoms experience a series of rulers, some of whom are described as doing evil in the sight of the Lord, while others attempt to lead the people back to covenant faithfulness.

3. The Revolt of Absalom

Another notable instance of contention over the king is the revolt of Absalom, David's son. Absalom conspires to usurp the throne by winning the hearts of the people and declaring himself king in Hebron (2 Samuel 15). David is forced to flee Jerusalem, and a civil war ensues. Despite Absalom's rebellion, David's forces ultimately prevail, and Absalom is killed (2 Samuel 18).

This episode underscores the personal and national turmoil that can arise from disputes over leadership. David's lament over Absalom's death (2 Samuel 18:33: "O my son Absalom—my son, my son Absalom! If only I had died instead of you—O Absalom, my son, my son!") reflects the deep personal cost of such contention.

4. The New Testament Perspective

In the New Testament, the theme of contention over the king takes on a spiritual dimension with the arrival of Jesus Christ, the promised Messiah and King. The Gospels record various responses to Jesus' kingship, from acceptance and worship to rejection and hostility. The religious leaders of the time, threatened by Jesus' authority and popularity, plot to kill Him, ultimately leading to His crucifixion (John 19:15: "But they shouted, 'Take Him away! Take Him away! Crucify Him!' 'Shall I crucify your King?' Pilate asked. 'We have no king but Caesar,' replied the chief priests.").

The contention over Jesus' kingship continues in the early church as the apostles proclaim Him as the risen Lord and King. This proclamation often leads to persecution and conflict, as seen in the Acts of the Apostles.

5. Theological Implications

The biblical theme of contention over the king highlights the tension between human authority and divine sovereignty. It serves as a reminder of the importance of recognizing and submitting to God's chosen leadership. In the Christian tradition, this theme ultimately points to the kingship of Christ, who reigns as the eternal King of Kings and Lord of Lords, bringing peace and justice to His people.