Adoni'ram is a biblical figure mentioned in the Old Testament, known primarily for his role as an overseer of forced labor during the reigns of King David, King Solomon, and King Rehoboam. His name, Adoni'ram, means "my lord is exalted" or "the lord is exalted," reflecting a theophoric element common in Hebrew names.

Role and Responsibilities

Adoni'ram first appears in the context of King David's administration. Although the Bible does not provide extensive details about his activities during David's reign, it is clear that he held a significant position in the royal bureaucracy. His primary responsibility was overseeing the labor force, a role that became even more prominent under King Solomon.

During Solomon's reign, Adoni'ram was appointed as the head of the labor force, a critical position given Solomon's extensive building projects, including the construction of the Temple in Jerusalem. The Bible records in 1 Kings 5:14 , "He sent them to Lebanon in shifts of ten thousand a month, so that they would spend one month in Lebanon and two months at home. Adoni'ram was in charge of the forced labor." This passage highlights his administrative skills and the trust Solomon placed in him to manage such a large workforce.

Service Under Rehoboam

Adoni'ram's service continued into the reign of Solomon's son, Rehoboam. However, his tenure ended abruptly due to the political unrest that followed Solomon's death. The division of the kingdom and the subsequent revolt against Rehoboam's harsh policies led to a tragic end for Adoni'ram. In 1 Kings 12:18 , it is recorded, "Then King Rehoboam sent out Adoni'ram, who was in charge of the forced labor, but all Israel stoned him to death. And King Rehoboam managed to mount his chariot and escape to Jerusalem."

This incident underscores the growing discontent among the Israelites regarding the heavy burdens imposed upon them, which Adoni'ram, as the overseer of forced labor, symbolized. His death marked a significant moment in the history of Israel, illustrating the deep divisions and the eventual split of the united monarchy into the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah.

Historical and Theological Significance

Adoni'ram's role as an overseer of forced labor highlights the administrative complexities and the socio-political challenges faced by the Israelite monarchy. His account serves as a reminder of the tensions between royal authority and the people's welfare, a recurring theme in the biblical narrative.

From a theological perspective, Adoni'ram's life and death reflect the consequences of leadership that prioritizes monumental achievements over the well-being of the people. His account is a cautionary tale about the dangers of oppressive governance and the importance of just and compassionate leadership, principles that resonate throughout the biblical text.Adoni'ram (2 Occurrences)

1 Kings 4:6
and Ahishar was over the household; and Adoniram the son of Abda was over the levy.
(See RSV)

1 Kings 5:14
And he sent them to Lebanon, ten thousand a month by courses: a month they were in Lebanon, and two months at home; and Adoniram was over the levy.
(See RSV)

Adoni'ram (2 Occurrences)
Adoni'ram. Adoniram, Adoni'ram. Adonis . Multi-Version Concordance
Adoni'ram (2 Occurrences). 1 Kings 4:6 and Ahishar was over the ...
/a/adoni'ram.htm - 6k

Adoniram (4 Occurrences)

/a/adoniram.htm - 10k

Adonis (1 Occurrence)

/a/adonis.htm - 7k

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