Revelation 18:18

and cry out at the sight of the smoke rising from the fire that consumes her. "What city was ever like this great city?" they will exclaim.

Study Bible

and cry out
The phrase "and cry out" reflects a deep, visceral reaction to the events unfolding. In the Greek, the word used here is "κράζω" (krazō), which conveys a loud, urgent cry, often associated with distress or lamentation. This outcry is not just a casual observation but a profound expression of shock and mourning. Historically, such cries were common in ancient times when cities fell, symbolizing the end of an era or the loss of something significant. In the context of Revelation, this cry underscores the magnitude of Babylon's fall, a city symbolic of worldly power and corruption.

at the sight of the smoke
The "sight of the smoke" is a vivid image that evokes the aftermath of destruction. Smoke in biblical literature often symbolizes judgment and the presence of God, as seen in the Old Testament with the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah. The Greek word "καπνός" (kapnos) for smoke suggests a visible, tangible sign of devastation. This imagery serves as a powerful reminder of the consequences of sin and the ultimate justice of God. The rising smoke is a testament to the irreversible nature of Babylon's judgment.

rising from the fire
The phrase "rising from the fire" indicates the source of the smoke and the cause of the city's destruction. Fire, in biblical terms, is frequently associated with purification and judgment. The Greek word "πῦρ" (pyr) for fire is used throughout scripture to denote divine judgment and the consuming nature of God's wrath against sin. This fire is not just a physical blaze but a representation of God's righteous judgment against the corruption and immorality symbolized by Babylon.

that consumes her
The word "consumes" highlights the totality of the destruction. In Greek, "κατασθίω" (katesthiō) means to devour or consume completely. This indicates that the judgment is thorough and complete, leaving nothing behind. The consumption by fire signifies the end of Babylon's influence and power, a complete eradication of its sinful legacy. This serves as a sobering reminder of the finality of God's judgment and the futility of opposing His will.

'What city was ever like this great city?'
This rhetorical question emphasizes the unparalleled nature of Babylon's greatness and subsequent fall. The phrase "this great city" in Greek, "ἡ πόλις ἡ μεγάλη" (hē polis hē megalē), underscores the city's former glory and influence. Historically, Babylon was a symbol of human achievement and pride, often seen as the epitome of worldly success. The lamentation here reflects the shock and awe of witnessing such a powerful entity brought to ruin. It serves as a cautionary tale of the dangers of pride and the transient nature of earthly power, reminding believers of the eternal kingdom of God that surpasses all earthly cities.

Persons / Places / Events

1. The Great City
Often interpreted as Babylon, symbolizing a powerful, corrupt system or empire that opposes God. In the context of Revelation, it represents the culmination of human pride and rebellion against God.

2. The Smoke
Represents the destruction and judgment of the great city. Smoke is a visual symbol of the city's downfall and the finality of God's judgment.

3. The Onlookers
These are the kings, merchants, and mariners who benefited from the city's wealth and power. Their lamentation signifies the loss of their source of prosperity and security.

4. The Fire
Symbolizes God's righteous judgment. Fire in biblical terms often represents purification and judgment.

5. The Exclamation
The rhetorical question highlights the unparalleled nature of the city's former greatness and the shock of its sudden destruction.

Teaching Points

The Transience of Earthly Power
Earthly empires and systems, no matter how powerful, are temporary and subject to God's ultimate authority and judgment.

The Consequences of Idolatry
The great city's fall serves as a warning against idolatry and placing trust in material wealth and human achievements.

God's Righteous Judgment
God's judgment is just and inevitable. It serves as a call to repentance and faithfulness to God's ways.

The Call to Spiritual Readiness
Believers are encouraged to live with an eternal perspective, prioritizing spiritual readiness over worldly success.

The Hope of Redemption
Despite the judgment, Revelation ultimately points to the hope of redemption and the establishment of God's eternal kingdom.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the description of the great city's destruction in Revelation 18:18 challenge our understanding of security and success in today's world?

2. In what ways can the lament of the onlookers serve as a warning against placing our trust in material wealth and human institutions?

3. How do the themes of judgment and redemption in Revelation 18:18 connect with the broader account of the Bible?

4. What practical steps can we take to ensure that our lives reflect an eternal perspective rather than a focus on temporary, worldly achievements?

5. How can the imagery of fire and smoke in Revelation 18:18 deepen our understanding of God's holiness and justice?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Jeremiah 51
This chapter prophesies the fall of Babylon, drawing a parallel to the destruction described in Revelation 18. It emphasizes God's judgment on nations that oppose Him.

Ezekiel 27
The lament over Tyre, a prosperous city, mirrors the lament over Babylon. Both passages highlight the transient nature of earthly wealth and power.

Matthew 24
Jesus speaks of the end times and the destruction that will come upon the earth, echoing the themes of judgment and the impermanence of worldly systems.