Numbers 31:30

From the Israelites' half, take one out of every fifty, whether persons, cattle, donkeys, sheep, or other animals, and give them to the Levites who keep charge of the tabernacle of the LORD."

Study Bible

From the Israelites’ half
This phrase refers to the division of the spoils of war after the Israelites' victory over the Midianites. The spoils were divided into two equal parts: one for the warriors who fought and one for the rest of the community. This division reflects the communal nature of Israelite society, where both those who fought and those who stayed behind shared in the benefits of victory. It also underscores the principle of fairness and shared responsibility within the community.

take one out of every fifty
This instruction establishes a specific portion of the spoils to be set aside for a particular purpose. The ratio of one out of fifty indicates a tithe-like offering, though it is distinct from the traditional tithe. This allocation demonstrates the importance of supporting religious functions and those who serve in them, ensuring that the Levites, who had no inheritance of land, were provided for.

whether persons, cattle, donkeys, sheep, or other animals
The inclusion of both people and animals in this list highlights the comprehensive nature of the spoils. In ancient Near Eastern warfare, captives and livestock were common spoils. The mention of various types of animals reflects the agrarian context of the Israelites and the economic value these animals represented. The inclusion of persons, likely referring to captives, also raises ethical considerations about the treatment of war captives in ancient times.

and give them to the Levites
The Levites were the tribe set apart for religious duties and the service of the tabernacle. They did not receive a territorial inheritance like the other tribes, so provisions like this were essential for their sustenance. This allocation underscores the community's responsibility to support those who minister on their behalf, a principle echoed in the New Testament regarding the support of church leaders.

who keep charge of the tabernacle of the LORD
This phrase emphasizes the Levites' role in maintaining the tabernacle, the central place of worship and the dwelling place of God's presence among the Israelites. The tabernacle was a precursor to the Temple and a type of Christ, symbolizing God's presence with His people. The Levites' service was crucial for the spiritual life of the nation, and their support ensured the continued worship and adherence to the covenant.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The leader of the Israelites, who is conveying God's instructions regarding the division of the spoils of war.

2. The Israelites
The people of God who have just returned from a victorious battle against the Midianites.

3. The Levites
The tribe set apart for the service of the LORD’s tabernacle, responsible for its care and maintenance.

4. The Midianites
The people defeated by the Israelites, whose possessions are being divided.

5. The LORD’s Tabernacle
The sacred dwelling place of God among His people, requiring care and service by the Levites.

Teaching Points

Stewardship and Generosity
God’s people are called to support those who serve in ministry. Just as the Israelites were instructed to give a portion to the Levites, Christians today are encouraged to support their church leaders and ministries.

The Role of the Levites
The Levites' role highlights the importance of dedicated service to God. Believers are reminded of the value of those who commit their lives to serving the church and the community.

God’s Provision and Order
The division of spoils reflects God’s orderly provision for His people and His servants. It teaches us about God’s care and the importance of following His instructions.

Community Responsibility
The Israelites’ contribution to the Levites underscores the communal responsibility to ensure that those who serve God’s purposes are adequately supported.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the allocation of spoils to the Levites in Numbers 31:30 reflect God’s principles of stewardship and provision?

2. In what ways can we apply the principle of supporting those who serve in ministry to our modern church context?

3. How does the role of the Levites in caring for the tabernacle parallel the responsibilities of church leaders today?

4. What can we learn from the Israelites’ obedience in giving a portion of their spoils to the Levites about our own giving practices?

5. How do the instructions in Numbers 31:30 connect with New Testament teachings on supporting those who preach the gospel?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Leviticus 27
Discusses the concept of dedicating a portion of one's possessions to the LORD, similar to the allocation of spoils to the Levites.

Numbers 18
Details the responsibilities and privileges of the Levites, emphasizing their role in serving the tabernacle.

1 Corinthians 9
Paul speaks about those who preach the gospel receiving their living from the gospel, paralleling the Levites' support from the community.

Deuteronomy 18
Outlines the provisions for the Levites, reinforcing their dependence on the offerings of the people.