Numbers 30:3
And if a woman in her father's house during her youth makes a vow to the LORD or obligates herself by a pledge,
And if a woman
The phrase "And if a woman" introduces a specific case within the broader context of vows and pledges. In the Hebrew culture, women were often under the authority of their fathers or husbands, which is reflected in the legal stipulations regarding vows. The Hebrew word for "woman" here is "ishah," which can refer to a female of any age but is contextually linked to her status within her father's household.

in her father’s house
This phrase indicates the woman's living situation and authority structure. In ancient Israel, a woman in her father's house was under his authority until marriage. The Hebrew term "bayit" (house) signifies not just a physical dwelling but also the familial and social structure. This context is crucial for understanding the legal and spiritual implications of her vows.

during her youth
The term "youth" refers to a period before a woman is married, highlighting her dependency and the protective oversight of her father. The Hebrew word "na'arah" is often used to describe a young woman or girl, emphasizing her stage in life where she is not yet fully autonomous.

makes a vow to the LORD
A vow, or "neder" in Hebrew, is a solemn promise or commitment made to God. This act of making a vow is a significant spiritual undertaking, reflecting a deep personal commitment to the LORD. In the ancient Near Eastern context, vows were binding and sacred, often involving a promise to perform a specific act or offering.

or obligates herself by a pledge
The phrase "obligates herself by a pledge" involves a "issar," which is a binding promise or oath. This highlights the seriousness with which personal commitments were regarded in biblical times. The act of obligating oneself indicates a voluntary and deliberate decision to commit to a course of action or abstention.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Young Woman
Refers to a female who is still under the authority of her father, indicating her unmarried status and her position within the family structure.

2. Father's House
Represents the household where the young woman resides, under the authority and protection of her father, which was a common cultural setting in ancient Israel.

3. Vow to the LORD
A solemn promise or commitment made to God, which was a serious and binding act in the Israelite community.

4. Obligates Herself by a Pledge
Indicates a personal commitment or promise that the young woman makes, which could involve various forms of dedication or service.
Teaching Points
Understanding Authority and Responsibility
The passage highlights the role of authority within the family structure, emphasizing the father's responsibility in overseeing vows made by his daughter. This reflects the broader biblical principle of authority and accountability within the family and community.

The Seriousness of Vows
Making a vow to the LORD is a serious commitment that should not be taken lightly. This teaches us about the importance of integrity and faithfulness in our promises to God and others.

Cultural Context and Modern Application
While the cultural context of a father's authority over his daughter may differ today, the principle of seeking wise counsel and accountability in making commitments remains relevant.

Personal Integrity and Honesty
The passage encourages believers to be people of their word, reflecting God's faithfulness in their own lives by fulfilling promises and commitments.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the concept of authority in Numbers 30:3 relate to the broader biblical teaching on family and community roles?

2. What are some modern-day equivalents of making a vow to the LORD, and how can we ensure we approach these commitments with the seriousness they deserve?

3. How can we apply the principle of seeking wise counsel and accountability in our decision-making processes today?

4. In what ways does Jesus' teaching in Matthew 5:33-37 expand or clarify the understanding of vows and promises found in Numbers 30:3?

5. Reflect on a time when you made a commitment to God or others. How did you ensure that you fulfilled it, and what challenges did you face in doing so?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Deuteronomy 23:21-23
Discusses the importance of fulfilling vows made to the LORD, emphasizing the seriousness of making promises to God.

Ecclesiastes 5:4-5
Warns about the consequences of making vows and not fulfilling them, highlighting the importance of integrity in commitments to God.

Matthew 5:33-37
Jesus teaches about the nature of oaths and vows, encouraging honesty and straightforwardness in speech and commitments.
The Head of the Household Honoured and CautionedD. Young Numbers 30:3-16
People
Moses
Places
Jericho
Topics
Authority, Bind, Bindeth, Binds, Bond, Bound, Father's, Gives, Herself, Makes, Oath, Obligates, Obligation, Pledge, Takes, Undertaking, Vow, Voweth, Vows, Within, Youth
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Numbers 30:1-16

     5468   promises, human

Numbers 30:2-15

     5444   pledges

Numbers 30:2-16

     5329   guarantee

Numbers 30:3-5

     5674   daughters
     5736   singleness

Library
Covenanting Confers Obligation.
As it has been shown that all duty, and that alone, ought to be vowed to God in covenant, it is manifest that what is lawfully engaged to in swearing by the name of God is enjoined in the moral law, and, because of the authority of that law, ought to be performed as a duty. But it is now to be proved that what is promised to God by vow or oath, ought to be performed also because of the act of Covenanting. The performance of that exercise is commanded, and the same law which enjoins that the duties
John Cunningham—The Ordinance of Covenanting

"And the Redeemer Shall Come unto Zion, and unto them that Turn,"
Isaiah lix. 20.--"And the Redeemer shall come unto Zion, and unto them that turn," &c. Doctrines, as things, have their seasons and times. Every thing is beautiful in its season. So there is no word of truth, but it hath a season and time in which it is beautiful. And indeed that is a great part of wisdom, to bring forth everything in its season, to discern when and where, and to whom it is pertinent and edifying, to speak such and such truths. But there is one doctrine that is never out of season,
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

Nature of Covenanting.
A covenant is a mutual voluntary compact between two parties on given terms or conditions. It may be made between superiors and inferiors, or between equals. The sentiment that a covenant can be made only between parties respectively independent of one another is inconsistent with the testimony of Scripture. Parties to covenants in a great variety of relative circumstances, are there introduced. There, covenant relations among men are represented as obtaining not merely between nation and nation,
John Cunningham—The Ordinance of Covenanting

Numbers
Like the last part of Exodus, and the whole of Leviticus, the first part of Numbers, i.-x. 28--so called,[1] rather inappropriately, from the census in i., iii., (iv.), xxvi.--is unmistakably priestly in its interests and language. Beginning with a census of the men of war (i.) and the order of the camp (ii.), it devotes specific attention to the Levites, their numbers and duties (iii., iv.). Then follow laws for the exclusion of the unclean, v. 1-4, for determining the manner and amount of restitution
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

Links
Numbers 30:3 NIV
Numbers 30:3 NLT
Numbers 30:3 ESV
Numbers 30:3 NASB
Numbers 30:3 KJV

Numbers 30:3 Commentaries

Bible Hub
Numbers 30:2
Top of Page
Top of Page