Exodus 28:21

The twelve stones are to correspond to the names of the sons of Israel, each engraved like a seal with the name of one of the twelve tribes.

Study Bible

The stones are to be twelve in number
The number twelve holds significant symbolism throughout the Bible, often representing completeness or divine authority. In the context of the high priest's breastplate, the twelve stones symbolize the twelve tribes of Israel, each tribe being an integral part of God's chosen people. The use of twelve stones underscores the unity and completeness of the nation of Israel, as each tribe is represented equally before God. This reflects the divine order and structure that God established for His people, emphasizing that each tribe, regardless of size or strength, holds an essential place in His covenant community.

according to the names of the sons of Israel
The phrase "according to the names of the sons of Israel" highlights the personal and covenantal relationship between God and the descendants of Jacob, whose name was changed to Israel. Each stone bearing the name of a son of Israel signifies God's intimate knowledge and remembrance of His people. This personal connection is a reminder of the promises made to the patriarchs and the enduring faithfulness of God to His covenant. The names serve as a perpetual memorial before the Lord, ensuring that the tribes are always represented in the priestly ministry.

each engraved like a seal
The engraving "like a seal" suggests permanence and authority. In ancient times, seals were used to authenticate documents and signify ownership or authority. The engraving of each tribe's name on the stones signifies that they are permanently inscribed in God's plan and purpose. This imagery conveys the idea that the tribes are not only remembered but are also under God's sovereign authority and protection. The permanence of the engraving assures the Israelites of their enduring place in God's covenant, much like a seal that cannot be easily altered or removed.

with the name of one of the twelve tribes
The specific mention of "the name of one of the twelve tribes" emphasizes the individuality and distinct identity of each tribe within the collective nation of Israel. Each tribe had its unique role, characteristics, and inheritance, yet all were part of the larger community of God's people. This diversity within unity reflects the multifaceted nature of God's kingdom, where each member has a distinct purpose and contribution. The inclusion of each tribe's name on the breastplate serves as a reminder of their individual and collective responsibilities to uphold the covenant and live according to God's laws.

Persons / Places / Events

1. The Sons of Israel
These are the twelve sons of Jacob, whose descendants became the twelve tribes of Israel. Each tribe is represented by a stone on the high priest's breastplate.

2. The High Priest
The high priest wore the breastplate as part of his sacred garments. This role was initially filled by Aaron, Moses' brother, and was a mediator between God and the Israelites.

3. The Breastplate of Judgment
This was a sacred garment worn by the high priest, containing twelve stones representing the twelve tribes of Israel. It symbolized the high priest's role in bearing the people before God.

4. The Tabernacle
The portable dwelling place for the divine presence among the Israelites, where the high priest performed his duties.

5. The Engraving
Each stone was engraved like a seal, signifying permanence and the unique identity of each tribe before God.

Teaching Points

Identity and Belonging
Just as each tribe had a unique stone, every believer has a unique identity and role in God's kingdom. We are individually known and valued by God.

Representation and Intercession
The high priest bore the names of the tribes before God, symbolizing Christ's intercession for us. We are called to intercede for others in prayer.

Permanence of God's Promises
The engraving of the names signifies the permanence of God's promises to His people. We can trust in the unchanging nature of God's word.

Unity in Diversity
The twelve stones, though different, were part of one breastplate. Similarly, the body of Christ is diverse yet unified in purpose and mission.

Holiness and Service
The high priest's garments, including the breastplate, were for glory and beauty, reminding us of our call to live holy lives in service to God.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the representation of the twelve tribes on the high priest's breastplate enhance our understanding of God's relationship with His people?

2. In what ways can we, as believers, act as intercessors for others, following the example of the high priest?

3. How does the concept of being "engraved like a seal" apply to our identity in Christ today?

4. What parallels can we draw between the twelve stones on the breastplate and the description of the New Jerusalem in Revelation 21?

5. How can we embrace our unique identity and role within the body of Christ while maintaining unity with other believers?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 49
This chapter provides the blessings and prophecies Jacob gave to his sons, which are foundational to understanding the significance of each tribe.

Revelation 21
The New Jerusalem is described with twelve foundations, each bearing the name of one of the twelve apostles, drawing a parallel to the twelve tribes.

1 Peter 2:5
Believers are described as living stones, being built into a spiritual house, connecting the idea of stones representing God's people.