Esther 3:7

In the twelfth year of King Xerxes, in the first month, the month of Nisan, the Pur (that is, the lot) was cast before Haman to determine a day and month. And the lot fell on the twelfth month, the month of Adar.

Study Bible

In the twelfth year of King Xerxes
This phrase situates the events within the reign of King Xerxes, also known as Ahasuerus, who ruled the Persian Empire from 486 to 465 BC. The twelfth year of his reign would be around 474 BC. This timing is significant as it places the events of Esther within the broader context of Persian history, during a period of relative stability and expansion for the empire. Xerxes is known for his failed invasion of Greece, which occurred earlier in his reign, and this historical backdrop provides insight into the political climate of the time.

in the first month, the month of Nisan
Nisan is the first month of the Jewish religious calendar, corresponding to March-April in the Gregorian calendar. It is a significant month for the Jewish people, as it includes the celebration of Passover, commemorating their deliverance from Egypt. The mention of Nisan highlights the providential timing of the events in Esther, as the Jewish people are once again facing a threat to their existence, echoing the themes of deliverance and divine intervention.

the Pur (that is, the lot) was cast before Haman
Casting lots was a common practice in ancient cultures to make decisions or determine fate, believed to reveal divine will. The term "Pur" is of Persian origin, indicating the influence of Persian culture on the narrative. Haman, the antagonist in the story, uses this method to decide the date for the planned destruction of the Jews, showing his reliance on chance rather than divine guidance. This act of casting lots contrasts with the Jewish understanding of God's sovereignty over events.

to determine a day and month
Haman's intention was to find an auspicious date for his plot against the Jews. The use of lots to determine the timing underscores the randomness and impersonal nature of his plan, in contrast to the personal and covenantal relationship the Jews have with God. This phrase also foreshadows the eventual reversal of Haman's plans, as the date chosen by lot becomes a day of deliverance rather than destruction.

And the lot fell on the twelfth month, the month of Adar
Adar is the twelfth month of the Jewish calendar, corresponding to February-March. The selection of this month gives the Jewish people nearly a year to prepare for the impending threat, allowing for the unfolding of God's providential plan through Esther and Mordecai. The eventual deliverance of the Jews during the month of Adar is celebrated in the festival of Purim, named after the "Pur" or lot, highlighting the theme of divine reversal and protection.

Persons / Places / Events

1. King Xerxes
Also known as Ahasuerus, he was the Persian king during the events of the Book of Esther. His reign is marked by significant events that affected the Jewish people.

2. Haman
An Agagite and high-ranking official in King Xerxes' court. He is the antagonist in the account, known for his plot to annihilate the Jews.

3. Pur - the Lot (the lot)
A method of casting lots used to make decisions or determine fate. In this context, it was used by Haman to choose the date for the planned destruction of the Jews.

4. Nisan
The first month of the Jewish calendar, corresponding to March-April in the Gregorian calendar. It is significant as the month of Passover.

5. Adar
The twelfth month of the Jewish calendar, corresponding to February-March. It is the month in which the Jewish festival of Purim is celebrated, commemorating the deliverance of the Jews from Haman's plot.

Teaching Points

God's Sovereignty Over Human Plans
The casting of lots by Haman shows human attempts to control and plan, but ultimately, God is in control of the outcome. Believers can trust in God's sovereignty over their lives.

The Significance of Timing
The events in Esther occur during significant months in the Jewish calendar, reminding us that God's timing is perfect. We should be attentive to God's timing in our own lives.

The Power of Evil Intentions and God's Deliverance
Haman's plot was rooted in evil, yet God used it to bring about deliverance for His people. This teaches us that God can turn even the worst situations for our good and His glory.

The Importance of Faith and Courage
Esther's account encourages believers to have faith and courage in the face of adversity, trusting that God is working behind the scenes.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the casting of lots in Esther 3:7 demonstrate the concept of God's sovereignty, and how can this understanding impact your daily decision-making?

2. In what ways does the timing of Haman's plot in the month of Nisan contrast with the celebration of Passover, and what does this teach us about God's deliverance?

3. How can the account of Esther and the casting of lots encourage you to trust in God's control over seemingly random events in your life?

4. Reflect on a time when you faced a situation with evil intentions against you. How can the account of Esther inspire you to trust in God's deliverance and protection?

5. How does the account of Esther connect with other biblical accounts where God turns evil intentions into good outcomes, and how can these accounts strengthen your faith?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Proverbs 16:33
This verse highlights the sovereignty of God over the casting of lots, suggesting that while humans may cast lots, the outcome is determined by the Lord. This connection emphasizes God's control over the events in Esther.

Leviticus 23:5
This verse describes the Passover, which occurs in the month of Nisan. The timing of Haman's plot in the month of Nisan is significant as it contrasts with the deliverance celebrated during Passover.

Genesis 50:20
Joseph's statement about God turning evil intentions into good can be related to the account of Esther, where Haman's evil plot ultimately leads to the Jews' deliverance and celebration.