Deuteronomy 21:17
Instead, he must acknowledge the firstborn, the son of his unloved wife, by giving him a double portion of all that he has. For that son is the firstfruits of his father's strength; the right of the firstborn belongs to him.
Instead, he must acknowledge the firstborn, the son of his unloved wife,
In ancient Israelite culture, the firstborn son held a special status and was entitled to certain privileges. This phrase emphasizes the importance of recognizing the rights of the firstborn, regardless of the father's personal feelings towards the child's mother. The context here is a polygamous society where a man might have multiple wives, and favoritism could lead to disputes over inheritance. This law ensures justice and fairness, reflecting God's impartiality and the importance of upholding covenantal responsibilities. The situation mirrors the story of Jacob, Leah, and Rachel, where personal affections complicated family dynamics.

by giving him a double portion of all that he has.
The double portion signifies the inheritance rights of the firstborn, which included a larger share of the father's estate. This was not only a material benefit but also a symbolic gesture of leadership and responsibility within the family. The double portion is a theme seen elsewhere in Scripture, such as in the story of Elisha receiving a double portion of Elijah's spirit (2 Kings 2:9). It underscores the idea of blessing and the passing on of spiritual and material legacy.

For that son is the firstfruits of his father’s strength;
The term "firstfruits" is significant in biblical language, often used to describe the first and best of the harvest offered to God (Exodus 23:19). Here, it symbolizes the first and best of a man's offspring, representing his vigor and the continuation of his lineage. This concept is echoed in the New Testament, where Christ is referred to as the "firstfruits" of those who have fallen asleep (1 Corinthians 15:20), indicating His preeminence and the promise of resurrection for believers.

the right of the firstborn belongs to him.
This phrase reaffirms the legal and cultural rights of the firstborn son, which were deeply embedded in the societal structure of ancient Israel. The firstborn's rights were protected by law to prevent favoritism and ensure the orderly transfer of family leadership and property. This principle is seen in the story of Esau and Jacob, where the birthright and blessing were central themes (Genesis 25:29-34). The concept of the firstborn also points to Christ, who is described as the "firstborn over all creation" (Colossians 1:15), highlighting His authority and preeminence in God's redemptive plan.

Persons / Places / Events
1. The Father
The patriarch responsible for distributing his inheritance among his children.

2. The Firstborn Son
The son who is entitled to a double portion of the inheritance, regardless of his mother's status.

3. The Unloved Wife
The wife who is not favored by her husband, yet her son retains the rights of the firstborn.

4. The Double Portion
The inheritance right that signifies the firstborn's status and responsibility.

5. The Right of the Firstborn
A legal and cultural practice in ancient Israel that ensured the firstborn son received a double share of the inheritance.
Teaching Points
The Importance of Justice and Fairness
God's law emphasizes justice, ensuring that personal feelings do not interfere with rightful inheritance.

The Role of the Firstborn
The firstborn's double portion is not just a privilege but a responsibility to lead and care for the family.

God's Sovereignty in Family Dynamics
Despite human preferences, God's laws provide structure and fairness, reflecting His sovereignty over family matters.

The Value of Obedience to God's Commands
Adhering to God's instructions, even when they conflict with personal desires, is crucial for maintaining righteousness.

The Significance of Heritage and Legacy
The passage underscores the importance of heritage and the responsibility to uphold family legacy according to God's design.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the concept of the firstborn's rights in Deuteronomy 21:17 reflect God's justice and fairness?

2. In what ways can the account of Esau and Jacob inform our understanding of the importance of the birthright?

3. How does the principle of the double portion apply to spiritual inheritance in the New Testament context?

4. What lessons can we learn from the Parable of the Prodigal Son about family dynamics and inheritance?

5. How can we apply the principles of justice and fairness from this passage to modern family and community relationships?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Genesis 25
The account of Esau and Jacob highlights the significance of the birthright and the consequences of despising it.

1 Chronicles 5:1-2
Reuben, as the firstborn of Jacob, loses his birthright due to misconduct, showing the importance of character in maintaining one's rights.

Luke 15:11-32
The Parable of the Prodigal Son illustrates the father's love and the significance of inheritance, echoing the themes of family and responsibility.
Monogamy Essential to Domestic PeaceD. Davies Deuteronomy 21:15-17
The Rights of the Firstborn in the House of a BigamistR.M. Edgar Deuteronomy 21:15-17
The Firstborn of the Hated WifeJ. Orr Deuteronomy 21:15-18
People
Levi, Moses
Places
Beth-baal-peor
Topics
Acknowledge, Beginning, Belongs, Birthright, Disliked, Double, Father's, Firstborn, First-born, Firstfruits, First-fruits, Giving, Hated, Issue, Portion, Property, Share, Sign, Strength, Twice, Unloved, Vigour, Wife
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Deuteronomy 21:17

     5701   heir

Deuteronomy 21:15-17

     5476   property
     5732   polygamy

Library
The Dead Christ
It was not usual to remove bodies from the cross immediately after their death. They were allowed to hang, exposed to the weather, till they rotted and fell to pieces; or they might be torn by birds or beasts; and at last a fire was perhaps kindled beneath the cross to rid the place of the remains. Such was the Roman custom; but among the Jews there was more scrupulosity. In their law there stood this provision: "If a man have committed a sin worthy of death, and he be put to death, and thou hang
James Stalker—The Trial and Death of Jesus Christ

A Condensed Guide for Life
'My son, if thine heart be wise, my heart shall rejoice, even mine. 16. Yea, my reins shall rejoice, when thy lips speak right things. 17. Let not thine heart envy sinners: but be thou in the fear of the Lord all the day long. 18. For surely there is an end; and thine expectation shall not be cut off. 19. Hear thou, my son, and be wise, and guide thine heart in the way. 20. Be not among winebibbers; among riotous eaters of flesh: 21. For the drunkard and the glutton shall come to poverty: and drowsiness
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

Second Great Group of Parables.
(Probably in Peræa.) Subdivision D. Parable of the Lost Son. ^C Luke XV. 11-32. ^c 11 And he said, A certain man had two sons [These two sons represent the professedly religious (the elder) and the openly irreligious (the younger). They have special reference to the two parties found in the first two verses of this chapter --the Pharisees, the publicans and sinners]: 12 and the younger of them [the more childish and easily deceived] said to his father, Father, give me the portion of thy substance
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Jesus' Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem.
(from Bethany to Jerusalem and Back, Sunday, April 2, a.d. 30.) ^A Matt. XXI. 1-12, 14-17; ^B Mark XI. 1-11; ^C Luke XIX. 29-44; ^D John XII. 12-19. ^c 29 And ^d 12 On the morrow [after the feast in the house of Simon the leper] ^c it came to pass, when he he drew nigh unto Bethphage and Bethany, at the mount that is called Olivet, ^a 1 And when they came nigh unto Jerusalem, and came unto Bethphage unto { ^b at} ^a the mount of Olives [The name, Bethphage, is said to mean house of figs, but the
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Messiah Suffering and Wounded for Us
Surely He hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows: ..... He was wounded for our transgressions, He was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon Him; and with His stripes we are healed. W hen our Lord was transfigured, Moses and Elijah appeared in glory and conversed with Him. Had we been informed of the interview only, we should probably have desired to know the subject of their conversation, as we might reasonably suppose it turned upon very interesting and important
John Newton—Messiah Vol. 1

Mothers, Daughters, and Wives in Israel
In order accurately to understand the position of woman in Israel, it is only necessary carefully to peruse the New Testament. The picture of social life there presented gives a full view of the place which she held in private and in public life. Here we do not find that separation, so common among Orientals at all times, but a woman mingles freely with others both at home and abroad. So far from suffering under social inferiority, she takes influential and often leading part in all movements, specially
Alfred Edersheim—Sketches of Jewish Social Life

Third Stage of the Roman Trial. Pilate Reluctantly Sentences Him to Crucifixion.
(Friday. Toward Sunrise.) ^A Matt. XXVII. 15-30; ^B Mark XV. 6-19; ^C Luke XXIII. 13-25; ^D John XVIII. 39-XIX 16. ^a 15 Now at the feast [the passover and unleavened bread] the governor was wont { ^b used to} release unto them ^a the multitude one prisoner, whom they would. { ^b whom they asked of him.} [No one knows when or by whom this custom was introduced, but similar customs were not unknown elsewhere, both the Greeks and Romans being wont to bestow special honor upon certain occasions by releasing
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

The Morning of Good Friday.
The pale grey light had passed into that of early morning, when the Sanhedrists once more assembled in the Palace of Caiaphas. [5969] A comparison with the terms in which they who had formed the gathering of the previous night are described will convey the impression, that the number of those present was now increased, and that they who now came belonged to the wisest and most influential of the Council. It is not unreasonable to suppose, that some who would not take part in deliberations which were
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

The Crucifixion.
Subdivision D. Jesus Found to Be Dead. His Body Buried and Guarded in the Tomb. ^A Matt. XXVII. 57-66; ^B Mark XV. 42-47; ^C Luke XXIII. 50-56; ^D John XIX. 31-42. ^d 31 The Jews therefore, because it was the Preparation, that the bodies should not remain on the cross upon the sabbath (for the day of that sabbath was a high day ), asked of Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away. [According to rabbinical writing a few hours before the Sabbath were called the Preparation;
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Deuteronomy
Owing to the comparatively loose nature of the connection between consecutive passages in the legislative section, it is difficult to present an adequate summary of the book of Deuteronomy. In the first section, i.-iv. 40, Moses, after reviewing the recent history of the people, and showing how it reveals Jehovah's love for Israel, earnestly urges upon them the duty of keeping His laws, reminding them of His spirituality and absoluteness. Then follows the appointment, iv. 41-43--here irrelevant (cf.
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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