Deuteronomy 14:7

But of those that chew the cud or have a completely divided hoof, you are not to eat the following: the camel, the rabbit, or the rock badger. Although they chew the cud, they do not have a divided hoof. They are unclean for you,

Study Bible

But of those that chew the cud or have a completely divided hoof,
This phrase refers to the dietary laws given to the Israelites, distinguishing between clean and unclean animals. Chewing the cud and having a completely divided hoof are criteria for an animal to be considered clean. This reflects the broader Levitical laws found in Leviticus 11, which outline the dietary restrictions for the Israelites. These laws served to set Israel apart from other nations, emphasizing holiness and obedience to God.

you are not to eat the following:
The prohibition against eating certain animals underscores the importance of obedience to God's commands. It also highlights the concept of ritual purity, which was central to the Israelites' relationship with God. The dietary laws were a tangible way for the Israelites to demonstrate their commitment to God's covenant.

the camel, the rabbit, or the rock badger.
These specific animals are mentioned because they do not meet both criteria of chewing the cud and having a completely divided hoof. The camel, while chewing the cud, has a partially divided hoof. The rabbit and rock badger chew the cud but do not have hooves at all. These animals were common in the regions surrounding Israel, and their mention indicates a practical aspect of the law, as these animals were likely encountered by the Israelites.

Although they chew the cud,
Chewing the cud is a process where animals regurgitate and re-chew their food, which was seen as a sign of cleanliness and purity. This characteristic alone, however, is not sufficient for an animal to be considered clean according to the law. The emphasis on chewing the cud may symbolize meditation on God's word, as seen in Psalm 1:2, where the righteous person meditates on the law day and night.

they do not have a divided hoof.
The divided hoof is another criterion for determining cleanliness. It symbolizes separation and distinction, much like the Israelites were to be distinct from other nations. The divided hoof can also be seen as a metaphor for walking in righteousness, as believers are called to walk in the ways of the Lord.

They are unclean for you,
Declaring these animals unclean reinforces the idea of separation and holiness. The concept of uncleanness is not just about physical impurity but also about spiritual and moral purity. In the New Testament, Jesus fulfills the law, and the focus shifts from external observance to internal purity (Mark 7:18-23). However, the principle of being set apart for God remains a key theme throughout Scripture.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The author of Deuteronomy, delivering God's laws to the Israelites.

2. Israelites
The chosen people of God, receiving instructions on dietary laws.

3. Promised Land
The destination of the Israelites, where they are to live according to God's commandments.

4. Camel, Rabbit, Rock Badger
Specific animals mentioned as unclean for consumption.

5. Mount Sinai
The place where Moses received the Law from God, which includes dietary regulations.

Teaching Points

Holiness and Distinction
The dietary laws were given to set the Israelites apart as a holy nation. As Christians, we are called to live distinct lives that reflect God's holiness.

Obedience to God's Commands
The Israelites were to obey God's laws as an act of worship and trust. Similarly, we are called to obey God's Word, trusting in His wisdom and sovereignty.

Understanding Context
While the specific dietary laws are not binding on Christians today, understanding their purpose helps us appreciate the continuity and fulfillment of God's plan through Christ.

Spiritual Cleanliness
The focus on clean and unclean animals points to a deeper spiritual truth about purity. We are to seek spiritual cleanliness through repentance and faith in Jesus.

Cultural Relevance
While the cultural context has changed, the principle of living a life that honors God remains relevant. We should consider how our choices reflect our commitment to God.

Bible Study Questions

1. How do the dietary laws in Deuteronomy 14:7 reflect God's desire for His people to be distinct from other nations?

2. In what ways can we apply the principle of holiness in our daily lives, even if the specific dietary laws are not applicable?

3. How does the New Testament teaching on clean and unclean foods (e.g., Acts 10) influence our understanding of Deuteronomy 14:7?

4. What are some modern "unclean" influences that we should avoid to maintain spiritual purity?

5. How can we balance cultural relevance and biblical obedience in our lifestyle choices today?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Leviticus 11
This chapter provides a detailed list of clean and unclean animals, similar to Deuteronomy 14, emphasizing the importance of dietary laws in maintaining holiness.

Acts 10
Peter's vision of clean and unclean animals, which signifies the removal of dietary restrictions for Christians, highlighting the transition from Old Covenant to New Covenant.

Mark 7
Jesus teaches that it is not what goes into a person that defiles them, but what comes out, indicating a shift in understanding of purity.