2 Samuel 8:2

David also defeated the Moabites, made them lie down on the ground, and measured them off with a cord. He measured off with two lengths those to be put to death, and with one length those to be spared. So the Moabites became subject to David and brought him tribute.

Study Bible

David also defeated the Moabites
The Moabites were descendants of Lot, Abraham's nephew, and had a complex relationship with Israel. Historically, Moab was located east of the Dead Sea. The defeat of the Moabites by David signifies the expansion of his kingdom and the fulfillment of God's promise to give Israel victory over its enemies. This victory also reflects the ongoing conflict between Israel and Moab, which began during the Exodus (Numbers 22-24) and continued through the period of the Judges (Judges 3:12-30).

made them lie down on the ground
This phrase indicates a position of submission and vulnerability. In ancient Near Eastern warfare, defeated enemies were often made to lie prostrate as a sign of their defeat and subjugation. This act symbolizes the complete control David had over the Moabites after their defeat.

and measured them off with a cord
Measuring with a cord was a method used to determine the fate of captives. This practice is not widely documented outside of this passage, but it suggests a systematic approach to dealing with the defeated Moabites. The use of a cord implies a deliberate and calculated decision-making process by David.

He measured off with two lengths those to be put to death
The decision to put two-thirds of the Moabite captives to death may seem harsh, but it reflects the brutal realities of ancient warfare. This act served as a deterrent to rebellion and ensured the security of David's kingdom. It also highlights the seriousness with which David approached the consolidation of his rule.

and with one length those to be spared
The sparing of one-third of the Moabites demonstrates a measure of mercy and pragmatism. By allowing some to live, David ensured that there would be a population left to serve and pay tribute, thus maintaining the economic stability of the region. This act of sparing also aligns with the biblical theme of mercy amidst judgment.

So the Moabites became subject to David
The subjugation of the Moabites under David's rule fulfilled the divine mandate for Israel to have dominion over its enemies. This subjugation is a precursor to the peace and prosperity that characterized David's reign and foreshadows the ultimate reign of Christ, who will have dominion over all nations.

and brought him tribute
Tribute was a common practice in the ancient Near East, where defeated nations paid goods or money to their conquerors as a sign of submission and allegiance. The tribute from the Moabites not only enriched David's kingdom but also demonstrated the fulfillment of God's promise to bless Israel and establish David's throne. This act of bringing tribute can be seen as a type of the homage that all nations will one day bring to Christ, the ultimate King.

Persons / Places / Events

1. David
The King of Israel, known for his military prowess and leadership, who is central to this passage as he subdues the Moabites.

2. Moabites
A neighboring nation to Israel, often in conflict with Israel. They are descendants of Lot and have a complex history with the Israelites.

3. Measuring with a Cord
A method used by David to determine the fate of the Moabites, symbolizing judgment and subjugation.

4. Tribute
The payment made by the Moabites to David, signifying their submission and acknowledgment of his authority.

Teaching Points

God's Sovereignty in Leadership
David's victory over the Moabites demonstrates God's hand in establishing and expanding the kingdom of Israel. Believers can trust in God's sovereignty over nations and leaders.

Judgment and Mercy
The act of measuring the Moabites reflects both judgment and mercy. While some were put to death, others were spared, illustrating the balance of justice and grace in God's dealings.

Submission to Authority
The Moabites' tribute to David is a reminder of the importance of recognizing and submitting to God-ordained authority. Christians are called to respect and honor those in leadership positions.

Historical Context and Its Lessons
Understanding the historical context of Israel's conflicts with neighboring nations can provide insights into God's unfolding plan and His faithfulness to His promises.

Bible Study Questions

1. What does David's method of dealing with the Moabites reveal about his leadership style and decision-making process?

2. How does the history of the Moabites' relationship with Israel (as seen in Genesis and Numbers) inform our understanding of this passage?

3. In what ways does this passage illustrate the balance between God's justice and mercy, and how can we apply this balance in our own lives?

4. How can we discern and submit to God-ordained authority in our lives today, as the Moabites did with David?

5. Reflecting on Psalm 60:8, how can we use our victories and successes to glorify God and acknowledge His sovereignty?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 19
Provides background on the origins of the Moabites, tracing them back to Lot, Abraham's nephew.

Numbers 22-24
Describes the Moabites' earlier interactions with Israel, including the account of Balaam.

Psalm 60:8
David's poetic expression of triumph over Moab, reflecting the historical events of 2 Samuel 8.

1 Chronicles 18:2
A parallel account of David's victory over the Moabites, providing additional context.