Acts 6:8-15 And Stephen, full of faith and power, did great wonders and miracles among the people.… The Book of Acts is composed upon a definite principle, to wit, what Jesus continued to do and teach after His ascension through the instrumentality of His followers. In the first five chapters this principle is illustrated in the doings and sayings of Peter. But when another steps on the arena in whom this truth is shown in a stronger light Peter is at once dropped; in the sixth and seventh chapters Stephen it is that occupies the forefront, then Philip, then Paul. The avowed object of the writer is not to show us Peter, but the "hand of the Lord"; and His hand is here more distinctly seen in Stephen than in Peter. Let us look at Stephen as — I. A MAN (ver. 3). 1. He was an honest man, and had a reputation for honesty. Some people are honest, but they push bargains so hard that their honesty is suspected. "Provide things honest in the sight of all men." Not only be upright, but convince others of your uprightness. "So shalt thou find favour and good understanding in the sight of God and man." "Good understanding"; on the margin, "good success." An unsullied reputation for integrity helps a man forward even in business — it wins the confidence of the public. 2. Underlying his honesty was his goodness — he was spoken well of by all who knew him. Paul afterwards said that a deacon "must have a good report of them which are without," i.e., he should not only stand well in the family and in the Church, but in the world. We should first be light; we should then "shine as lights in the world." "Let your light so shine before men that they may see your good works, and glorify" — yourselves? No; but "your Father which is in heaven." I can look at the wall, but not through the wall; but I can look at and through the window. And a good character should be clear as glass, transparent as light — a character men can not only look at, but look through and see God beyond. II. A CHRISTIAN (ver. 5). 1. He was "full of faith" — a strong, healthy believer. Some of his fellow members were exceedingly weak in the faith, shy, timid, vacillating; but Stephen's spiritual life was deep and vigorous. He put unbounded confidence in the new religion; he "held fast his profession." "By faith the elders obtained good report." Not a great report, perhaps, but a good one. Other factors, such as learning and riches, are necessary to obtain a great report. But faith alone, if strong, will secure you a good report, which is better than a great one. By this Stephen "still speaketh," and is still spoken of. 2. He was "full of the Holy Ghost"; and to be "full of the Holy Ghost" is better than to be "full of faith." Faith at best is only the human aspiring after the Divine; but to be "full of the Holy Ghost" is for the human to possess the Divine. To trust God is good, to have God is better. One may be "full of faith " and yet not "full of the Holy Ghost." Many of the Old Testament saints were "full of faith," but none of them were "full of the Holy Ghost " — this is the sole prerogative of saints under the New Testament? The faith of Abraham has never been excelled, but he fell into sins which could not be tolerated in the Christian Church. The apostles before the Pentecost were "full of faith," but on the Pentecost were they "filled with the Spirit"; and as a natural consequence a process of refinement was then commenced unknown to the religious experience of the Jewish Church. Under the Old Testament the Holy Ghost was "upon" men, but under the New He is "in" men — a sweetening, hallowing influence, refining the very fibre of our being. The iron cold has the same properties as the iron heated, but the one is black and dull; the other is white and vivid — the fire imparts to it its own qualities. Thus Stephen was pervaded by the refining fire of God. His whole being was transfused with celestial brightness, and therefore his character grew in fineness of texture. III. A DEACON (ver. 8). 1. The fifth verse says he was "full of faith," the eighth (according to the best MSS.) that he was "full of grace." "Grace" means favour. In its theological sense it signifies the Divine favour shown to sinners. But as used in the context it signifies the favour shown by Stephen to those with whom he came in contact. "Grace" some suppose to have the same etymology as "grease." Be that as it may; but the body when well "greased" is lithe and nimble, easy in its carriage, graceful in its movements. Now, what grease does to the body, grace does to the soul. Stephen was elected to distribute the charity of the Church. How did he do it? Did he haughtily impress the humble recipients of his bounty with their inferiority? Certainly not. He did it with grace — beautiful ease and comfortable homeliness. Modern Christians may here learn a valuable lesson — not to insult the objects of their beneficence in the very act of succouring them. "Draw out thy soul to the hungry." Thy money? Not only that, but thy soul. Give alms by all means, but give it with grace. 6, Let not thy left hand know what thy right hand doeth." 2. Being thus "full of grace," he was of necessity "full of power." The man devoid of grace cannot in the nature of things wield much influence. But the man habitually kind, polite, and obliging acquires an influence subtle but irresistible in the sphere in which he moves. Judging by the outward show, men are apt to mistake vehemence for power. Lightning is the strong thing in the popular imagination because of the flash and thunder accompanying it. But gravitation, whose voice is never heard, is the central force holding countless worlds in its grip. In like manner the man of wealth, learning, eloquence — the man who can flash and roar — is usually considered the powerful factor. But scan society more narrowly, and you will perceive that none of those things wield so much true power as grace. 3. "He did great wonders and miracles among the people." The same laws govern society now as then — get the grace and you will infallibly obtain the power. The great need of the present age is not physical but moral wonders. Think of our trains, steam packets, electric telegraphs, and telephones: what physical miracles can outshine these? It is within the reach of all to do wonders and to be wonders in goodness, IV. A DISPUTANT (ver. 10). 1. They were "not able to resist the wisdom with which he spake." He proved victorious in the debate, for two reasons. First, he was evidently a practised logician. His Greek culture and Hebrew studies made him a man of great resource in argument. His speech shows him to be a man of keen philosophic insight. The second and chief reason was that he had truth on his side. The synagogue of the Cilician Jews is mentioned — the very synagogue of which young Saul of Tarsus was a member. This fact, coupled with the profound interest he took in the trial of Stephen, demonstrates conclusively that he was present. Young Saul would unquestionably be quite a match to Stephen in a bare trial of dialectic skill. But Stephen, backed by the truth, was too strong even for Saul. A weak mind, supported by a great truth, can bring about the total discomfiture of the stoutest adversary. The paramount duty of every public teacher is to seek "to be filled with wisdom," that is, with good, sound, solid information. No amount of eloquence will make up for lack of matter. God can "create out of nothing"; and doubtless He has blessed sermons with little or nothing in them. In Genesis we read but once that He "created out of nothing"; but we read repeatedly that He "created out of something" — the author being very shy of using the stronger word. That is the usual method of the Divine operation still. "The preacher sought to find out acceptable words," but "the preacher" also "was wise and taught the people knowledge." The late Rev. Henry Rees, the great Welsh preacher, being asked which kind of sermon he thought most likely the Holy Ghost would bless to the salvation of the hearers, answered, "The sermon most likely to effect their salvation without Him." 2. His "spirit" was as noteworthy as his wisdom. In a written sermon style is of great consequence. Now, what style is to a written, the spirit is to a spoken sermon. Stephen spoke with a marvellous spirit — he imparted warmth, beauty, life, force to his arguments. 3. "They were not able to resist the wisdom and the spirit." The wisdom alone they could. Dry argument skims only the surface of our nature, it does not stir the depths. "Intellectual preaching" seldom moves people. Moreover, they could resist the "spirit" alone; and in this day of sensationalism it is of some moment that we remember it. Mere "hwyl," however delightful at the time, leaves our hearers securely immured in sin. But the wisdom and the spirit joined will prove irresistible. Alas! to the cavilling Jews it was the savour of death. If they could not resist his preaching, they could and did resist his person. "They suborned men — they stirred up the people — they caught him and brought him to the council." V. A PRISONER (ver. 11, etc.). 1. The speech he made serves to show — (1) That he was profoundly versed in the Hebrew literature. It must be remembered that it was delivered at the spur of the moment under circumstances the most embarrassing. I am told that there are twelve discrepancies in it. How to account for them? Simply that Stephen was obliged to address his judges from memory without the chance of correcting himself by reference to the sacred Scriptures. Is it a cause of wonder that, in a review so minute and so searching, the valiant deacon should commit a few trivial mistakes? (2) His Greek culture and sympathy. It would be almost a matter of sheer impossibility for a man born and bred in Palestine to deliver it. Native Jews like Peter and John dogmatise; Hellenistic Jews like Stephen and Paul philosophise. (a) Stephen presents the council with a lucid and succinct philosophy of the national history. The same principle he proves to be running through Jewish history from the call of Abraham to the building of the temple. What is that principle? That true religion is independent of any fixed rite or particular locality, and that religious progress has always meant religious change, every change, however, involving progress on the part of God, but stern resistance on the part of man. What if God hath purposed to make another great change in the establishment of Christianity, and what if the Jews like their forefathers were making a resolute stand against it! (b) The critics are much exercised to know how his speech can be viewed as a refutation of the charge of blasphemy. But they overlook the fact that he does not defend himself except incidentally. His supreme desire is to vindicate not himself, but the truth. Herein Stephen, the martyr of Christianity, contrasts favourably with Socrates, the martyr of philosophy — both alike indicted for blasphemy. Socrates, to his honour be it said, scorned to stoop to any base or unworthy artifice to save his life; his thoughts nevertheless continually reverted to himself. The first personal pronoun bristles through his famous apology. But Stephen has neither "I" nor "me" on his lips so much as once — he wholly forgets himself in his intense eagerness to expound to the council the formative principles and historical career of the kingdom of God. 2. But if his speech was remarkable, his bodily appearance was more remarkable still (ver. 15). (1) Solomon says, "A man's wisdom maketh his face to shine, and the boldness of his face shall be changed." Notice the young man before his admission to college — his countenance is marked by a certain degree of heaviness and opacity, is devoid of expression for the simple reason that there is behind but little to be expressed. Observe him again at the termination of his course — his features are illuminated, his eyes flash pure intelligence. Put light within a marble vase and it grows translucent. And "the spirit of man is the candle of the Lord" — Light the candle within and the face without will shine. (2) Now if wisdom is thus able to radiate through the veil of flesh, how much more goodness, and especially goodness and wisdom together? You can tell a good man by his very face. "They took knowledge of them that they had been with Jesus." That wickedness stamps itself on the features is an universally acknowledged fact. On the other hand, goodness restores grace to the faded features. Many men and Women, though plain enough from an artistic standpoint, possess indescribable charm. Believe me, young people, nothing will so improve your looks as deep piety. It is significant that the word translated "good" in the New Testament may be also rendered "beautiful." Stephen was "full of faith and of the Holy Ghost," and therefore "they beheld his face as it had been the face of an angel."(3) But is this all? I believe not. When Moses returned from Sinai, "the skin of his face shone so that the children of Israel could not stedfastly behold it." And the angelic lustre on Stephen's face was doubtless miraculous. But here as in other instances, the miraculous, so far from obscuring the natural, serves to illustrate it. It brings out into clearer prominence a law which, were it not for the transfiguration of Stephen, of Moses, and of Christ, would escape our attention — that genuine goodness is a Divine light within, whose inevitable tendency it is to make luminous both soul and body. In regeneration this Divine spark is struck, and sanctification is only the theological name for transfiguration. "Be ye transformed in the spirit of your mind": literally, transfigured — the very same word that is used to describe the transfiguration of Christ. The Divine brightness first makes luminous the dark, dull, obtuse soul, and then the dark, dull, obtuse body. But more especially is this spiritual luminousness to be witnessed upon deathbeds. Friends beautiful in life are still more beautiful in death. Their faces seem to catch the pure beams of eternity like mountain tops the first light of day. VI. A MARTYR. 1. Look at the mad fury of his hearers. "They were cut to the heart," "sawn asunder." The prophets of old had been "sawn asunder" by their stiffnecked forefathers; now they are "sawn asunder" by the powerful ministry of Stephen. They further "gnashed on him with their teeth." Only in one other connection is this strong phrase used — "there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth." It seems as though the uncontrollable fury of the damned seized the motley crowd. Hell seemed broken loose on the streets of Jerusalem. 2. But if the rabble were wild with rage, Stephen himself was calm and collected. (1) He first offered a prayer on his own behalf. He next prayed on behalf of his murderers. So deeply had he drunk of the spirit of the Saviour, that he unconsciously quotes His very words. Nowhere outside the religion of the New Testament do we behold such majesty and meekness in the grim presence of death. Pagans may die heroically — Christians only die forgivingly. (2) No wonder that such a man should see "into heaven." His body was in a state of incipient transfiguration; his eye, therefore, supernaturally strengthened, pierced beyond the azure, and swept the vast places of eternity. Men in the present day will receive only the testimony of the senses, and because they see not heaven and hell they will not believe. But are they sure the supposed weakness of the proof lies not in the weakness of their vision? Stephen looking stedfastly into heaven, "saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing on the right hand of God." And if credit is to be given — and why not? — to the dying testimony of saints, his is not a solitary case. (3) But not only he saw into heaven, but heaven itself was "opened." There was an elevation of the human — there was also a condescension of the Divine. Under the Old Dispensation "the way into the Holiest of All was not made manifest"; but now heaven is "opened." "After this I looked, and behold, a door was opened in heaven" — standing open. Since Christ entered, the doors have been standing open — to offer shelter and home to the weary and persecuted pilgrims. "I see... the Son of Man standing on the right hand of God." This is the only instance except twice in the Apocalypse that Jesus after His ascension is called Son of Man. Why called so here? Because He was an object clearly discerned by the bodily eyes of Stephen. To the eyes of faith lie is Jesus or Christ or Lord; to the eyes of the body He will for ever be the Son of Man. When St. John thinks or writes of Him, He is always the Son of God; but when St. John is rapt up in vision He is the Son of Man. When He first ascended He "sat" to elbow His indisputable right to be there; but having established His right, lie sits or stands as occasion requires. Stephen sees Him standing — eagerly watching this momentous crisis in the history of the Church. And with this magnificent panorama floating before his view, the intrepid martyr "fell asleep" — "to sleep, aye, perchance to dream." This sleep of Stephen has given to our burial grounds the Christian name of "cemeteries" — they are places where our friends sleep; and "if they sleep, they will do well." (J. Cynddylan Jones, D. D.) Parallel Verses KJV: And Stephen, full of faith and power, did great wonders and miracles among the people.WEB: Stephen, full of faith and power, performed great wonders and signs among the people. |
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