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The spirit which is here rebuked is that of a guilty defiance of God. Jehovah had visited Israel with the signs of his displeasure - had humbled and impoverished her. What attitude should she now assume? That of humility and amendment? Nothing was further from her mind. She would contend in her own strength against her fate, against the Lord who had abased her; she would show to him the futility of his correction. The bricks might be fallen down; it was of no consequence - they would build with hewn stones. The sycamores were felled; it was all the better - they would put cedars in their place (ver. 10). They would, in their proud independence, convert Divine chastisements into a national advantage. Thus they breathed the very spirit of defiance. Respecting this arrogant temper, we mark -

I. ITS COMMON COURSE.

1. First comes some serious departure from God or from his service on the part of the nation, the Church, the family, or the individual man.

2. Then comes the Divine correction. This may be in the form of prophetic, or parental, or pastoral rebuke, or of some serious reverse in temporal affairs, or of bodily sickness, or of painful bereavement.

3. Then comes the resentment and revolt of the human will against the Divine. Instead of hearkening, heeding, and repenting, the nation (or the individual) determines to act in a spirit of defiance. In its (his) own strength, it will rise above its present circumstances; it will make good its position; it will brave the worst perils; it will endure extremest hardships, the greatest losses; it will turn its fallen bricks into massive stones that will not fall; it will exchange its feeble sycamores that are cut down for strong cedars which the wildest gales will spare.

II. ITS GUILT. The guilt of cherishing such a spirit is of a very aggravated character.

1. It goes beyond the ordinary sin of inattention. To be heedless when God is speaking, by whatever voice he may address us, is surely iniquitous enough; but to act in deliberate defiance of the Almighty is, by many degrees, worse.

2. It amounts to a positive rebelliousness on the part of the human will against that of the Divine. It is man resolving that, with his puny strength, he will match himself against his Maker and will prevail. It is sin which Contains the elements of insubmission, determined opposition, arrogance.

III. ITS FOLLY. In the case of Israel it was to be followed with fearful penalty. That guilty nation was

(1) to be pressed on every hand by its enemies (ver. 12);

(2) to be devoured by them (ver. 12);

(3) to be prepared for still impending miseries: "For all this," etc. (ver. 12). The nation (or the individual) that indulges in this evil spirit of defiance will find, in time, what a disastrous mistake it (he) has made. For the defiance of God

(1) shuts out immeasurable good - whoso hearkens when God reproves, and, heeding his voice, returns in penitence to his side and his service, begins an upward path which leads to the heavenly hills; but it also

(2) shuts in to unimaginable woes. We may let the words of the text (ver. 12) suggest the form they take.

1. Inextricable difficulty. The being surrounded on every hand by enemies; for sin leads on and down to cruel captivities of many kinds, from which the soul struggles vainly to disengage itself.

2. Waste. The being devoured by adversaries; time lost; strength impaired; the soul ravaged; reputation despoiled.

3. Fear of the future. A dread of the outstretched hand of Divine retribution which has more strokes to deal. - C.

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KJV: The Lord sent a word into Jacob, and it hath lighted upon Israel.

WEB: The Lord sent a word into Jacob, and it falls on Israel.