1. How does the theme of loyalty play out in Ruth 1?

2. How does Ruth's commitment to Naomi contrast with Orpah's decision to leave?

3. How does the cultural context of Ruth and Naomi's time affect their decisions and reactions to their circumstances?

4. How does Ruth 1 challenge our understanding of familial and cultural obligations?

5. In what ways does Naomi's perception of God's hand in her life reflect our own perspectives during times of suffering?

6. How does Ruth's cross-cultural decision deepen our understanding of her faith commitment?

7. What are some of the ways you have dealt with adversity and loss similar to Naomi and Ruth's experiences?

8. How might Ruth's pledge to Naomi in verses 16-17 apply to your commitment to your faith or to people in your life?

9. How do the hardships experienced by Naomi and Ruth relate to the concept of 'refining through trials'?

10. How does the book of Ruth challenge traditional gender roles of its time, and how does that apply to our understanding today?

11. How do the decisions made by each character in Ruth 1 reflect their individual faith in God?

12. What modern cultural pressures might influence someone like Orpah or Ruth's decision today?

13. Naomi felt that God's hand had turned against her (Ruth 1:13). How do we reconcile feelings of divine abandonment with the concept of a loving, caring God?

14. How does the concept of 'hesed' (loving kindness) play out in Ruth 1?

15. What lessons can we learn about making decisions during difficult times based on the experiences of Naomi, Ruth, and Orpah?

16. If you were in Ruth's position, how might you have responded to Naomi's insistence that you return to your homeland?

17. How does Ruth 1 challenge or confirm your understanding of loyalty and devotion?

18. How does the ending of Ruth 1 (arrival at the time of barley harvest) symbolize hope in times of adversity?

19. How can the lessons in Ruth 1 guide us in showing kindness and loyalty to those around us in contemporary society?

20. How does Ruth's decision to adopt Naomi's people and God challenge us in our commitment to our faith communities today?